The MgS-Yb 2 S 3 solid solution, which can be formulated as Mg 1-x Yb (2/3)x 0 (1/3)x S (0, cation vacancy), was studied in a wide composition range (0 e x e 0.75). The structure and microstructure characterizations of the samples were mainly performed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and associated techniques, such as X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). At low Yb 3+ contents (x e 0.30), the system presents an average NaCl-type structure. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns corresponding to these crystals show diffuse scattered intensity, which is related to short-range order in the cation sublattice. EELS studies indicate the existence of Mg 2+ in tetrahedral coordination, in addition to the octahedral coordination of the basic NaCl-type structure. Extended defects were observed perpendicular to 〈111〉 in the NaCl matrix for the x ) 0.30 sample. When x g 0.35, a phase with spinel-type structure is observed and characterized. Besides, different defects with different structure were also observed perpendicular to 〈111〉 in the spinel matrix for 0.35 e x e 0.45 samples.