Diffuse Alveolar Lesion in BALB/c Mice Induced with Human Reovirus BYD1 Strain and its Potential Relation with SARS

He, Cheng; Yang, Qi; Lei, Ming; Pang, Wanyong; Yang, Jianmin; Zhu, Hong; Duan, Qiangde

doi:10.1538/expanim.55.439

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, Van Reeth et al (1994, 1996) reported that European swine influenza H1N1 or PRRSV inoculated 2 or 3 days prior to PRCV (Belgium strain) exacerbated clinical disease in weaned pigs, as compared to PRCV single infection. Similarly, enhanced pathogenicity of SARS-CoV was evident in the presence of a pre-existing reovirus infection in mice (He et al , 2006). Thus the pathogenesis of respiratory CoVs and the disease outcome could be affected by the presence of a pre-existing respiratory virus infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition, in group 2 SARS-CoV disease cases, respiratory viral co-infections, including human metapneumovirus, cytomegalovirus and reovirus, were common in the patients (Chan et al , 2003; He et al , 2006; Hwang et al , 2005; Kuiken et al , 2003; Louie et al , 2004). However, it is unknown how the co-infections may have influenced CoV disease outcome, and if the co-infections actually enhanced CoV shedding in co-infected hosts (“super-spreaders”).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus modifies innate immunity and alters disease outcome in pigs subsequently infected with porcine respiratory coronavirus: implications for respiratory viral co-infections

Jung

Renukaradhya

Alekseev

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

101

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The innate immune response is critical for host defence against respiratory coronaviruses (CoVs). This study demonstrated that an ongoing respiratory virus infection compromises innate immune responses and affects the pathogenesis of a respiratory CoV co-infection. An innate immunosuppressive respiratory virus infection was established by infecting weaned pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV); 10 days later, the pigs were exposed to porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). The PRRSV/PRCV dual-infected pigs had reduced weight gains, a higher incidence of fever and more severe pneumonia compared with either single infection. Significant suppression of innate immune responses [reduced alpha interferon (IFN-a) levels in the lungs and reduced blood natural killer cell cytotoxicity] by the ongoing PRRSV infection was observed in dual-infected pigs, which coincided with exacerbated pneumonia during early PRCV infection. The subsequent PRCV infection led to enhanced PRRSV replication in the lungs and a trend towards increased serum T-helper type 1 (Th1) (IFN-c) but decreased Th2 [interleukin (IL)-4] responses, further exacerbating PRRSV pneumonia. Following PRCV infection, more severe PRRSV-related pulmonary alveolar macrophage (PAM) apoptosis occurred, as determined by an in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling assay, suggesting increased PRRSV replication in PAMs. Collectively, these observations suggest interactive effects between PRCV and PRRSV via early innate (IFN-a) and later adaptive Th1 (IFN-c) and Th2 (IL-4) immune responses. These findings imply that an existing immunomodulating respiratory viral co-infection may be a contributing factor to more severe pneumonia in respiratory CoV disease. This study provides new insights into host-pathogen interactions related to co-infection by CoVs and other respiratory viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus modifies innate immunity and alters disease outcome in pigs subsequently infected with porcine respiratory coronavirus: implications for respiratory viral co-infections

Jung

Renukaradhya

Alekseev

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

101

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“…The reovirus, R4, was isolated from cells cultured from throat swabs of the first SARS patient identified in Beijing, China (He et al, 2005(He et al, , 2006Song et al, 2008). Viral RNA was extracted from 140 μl of cell culture lysate with a QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germany) following the manufacturer΄s instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with DNA vaccines expressing varicellazoster virus also produce IgG2a (Stasikova et al, 2003), and a DNA vaccine containing SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein leads to increased levels of IgG2a in mice (Zhao et al, 2005). Although the immune response generated by a DNA vaccine can be influenced via co-delivery of adjuvant containing cytokine genes or by different routes of injection Feltquate et al, 1997;Gurunathan et al, 2000;He et al, 2005He et al, , 2006Hung et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2001;Nobiron et al, 2001;Osorio et al, 1999;Rogers et al, 1999;Saldarriaga et al, 2006;Song et al, 2000Song et al, , 2008Whitmire et al, 2005). In this study, we injected mice with only DNA plasmids by the i.m.…”

Section: Fig 4 Induction Of Cd4+ and Cd8+ T-cells By Dna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new type of reovirus was isolated from the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Beijing, China (He et al, 2005(He et al, , 2006Song et al, 2008). Based on electron microscopy and DNA sequence analysis, this virus, designated R4, represents a new type of reovirus that is most closely related to the mammalian orthoreovirus 2 isolate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mice immunogenicity after vaccination by DNA vaccines containing individual genes of a new type of reovirus

Bai¹,

Shen²,

Hu³

et al. 2013

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Summary. -In this study, we investigated humoral and cellular immune responses in mice to DNA vaccines containing individual S or M genes of a new type of reovirus (nRV) isolate from a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patient in Beijing, China. Mice were immunized intramuscularly (i.m.) with 100 μg of S1, S2, S3, S4, M1, M2, and M3 DNA vaccine each 4 times in 2-week intervals and assayed for humoral IgG, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG2b antibodies by ELISA and for cellular immune response, particularly IFN-γ induction by ELISpot assay. Moreover, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assayed by flow cytometry. We found that all DNA vaccines induced IgG antibodies, predominantly of the IgG2a class and S3 DNA vaccine was the strongest inducer. M2 and S3 DNA vaccines elicited Th1-and Th2-based immune responses, respectively, while S1 and M3 DNA vaccines induced a mixed Th1/Th2 response. M1, S2, and S4 DNA vaccines were poorly immunogenic. To our knowledge, this is the first report characterizing mammalian reovirus DNA vaccines applied to a mouse model. Keywords: reovirus; DNA vaccine; SARS; mouse; immunogenicity *Corresponding author. E-mail: maopy302@hotmail.com; phone: +86-10-66933316.# Bingke Bai and Honghui Shen contributed equally to this paper. Abbreviations: ELISpot = enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay; IFN-γ = interferon gamma; i.m. = intramuscularly; R4 = new type of reovirus; SARS = severe acute respiratory syndrome; SFC = spot-forming cells

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Orthoreoviruses and Orbiviruses

DeBIASI¹,

TYLER²

2010

Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases

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Diffuse Alveolar Lesion in BALB/c Mice Induced with Human Reovirus BYD1 Strain and its Potential Relation with SARS

Abstract: Abstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity and associated lesions of a new reovirus (ReoV)

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus modifies innate immunity and alters disease outcome in pigs subsequently infected with porcine respiratory coronavirus: implications for respiratory viral co-infections

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus modifies innate immunity and alters disease outcome in pigs subsequently infected with porcine respiratory coronavirus: implications for respiratory viral co-infections

Mice immunogenicity after vaccination by DNA vaccines containing individual genes of a new type of reovirus

Orthoreoviruses and Orbiviruses

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