Difficulties in Adaptation of the Mother and Newborn via Cesarean Section versus Natural Birth—A Narrative Review

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The first 1000 days after birth represent a critical window for gut microbiome development, which is essential for immune system maturation and overall health. The gut microbiome undergoes major changes during this period due to shifts in diet and environment. Disruptions to the microbiota early in life can have lasting health effects, including increased risks of inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, and obesity. Maternal and environmental factors during pregnancy and infancy shape the infant gut microbiota. In this article, we will review how maintaining a healthy gut microbiome in pregnancy and infancy is important for long-term infant health. Furthermore, we briefly include fungal colonization and its effects on the host immune function, which are discussed as part of gut microbiome ecosystem. Additionally, we will describe how potential approaches such as hydrogels enriched with prebiotics and probiotics, gut microbiota transplantation (GMT) during pregnancy, age-specific microbial ecosystem therapeutics, and CRISPR therapies targeting the gut microbiota hold potential for advancing research and development. Nevertheless, thorough evaluation of their safety, effectiveness, and lasting impacts is crucial prior to their application in clinical approach. The article emphasizes the need for continued research to optimize gut microbiota and immune system development through targeted early-life interventions.

Section: Factors Influencing the Intestinal Microbiota During The Fir...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Gut Microbiota in the First 1000 Days after Birth and Potential Interventions

Pantazi,

Balasa,

Mihai

et al. 2023

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“…Already established is the fact that there are differences in the quantity and quality of intestinal microflora in newborns depending on the method of delivery. [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Dysbiosis, which refers to abnormal alterations in the gut microbiota, can compromise the integrity of the intestinal barrier.…”

Section: Ckd and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring a Complex Interplay: Kidney–Gut Axis in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease

Mocanu,

Bogos,

Lazaruc

et al. 2023

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The human intestinal microbiota is a highly intricate structure with a crucial role in promoting health and preventing disease. It consists of diverse microbial communities that inhabit the gut and contribute to essential functions such as food digestion, nutrient synthesis, and immune system development. The composition and function of the gut microbiota are influenced by a variety of factors, including diet, host genetics, and environmental features. In pediatric patients, the gut microbiota is particularly dynamic and vulnerable to disruption from endogenous and exogenous factors. Recent research has focused on understanding the interaction between the gut and kidneys. In individuals with chronic kidney disease, there is often a significant disturbance in the gut microbiota. This imbalance can be attributed to factors like increased levels of harmful toxins from the gut entering the bloodstream, inflammation, and oxidative stress. This review looks at what is known about the link between a child’s gut–kidney axis, how dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the microbiome, affects chronic kidney disease, and what treatments, both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical, are available for this condition.

“…With birth, a complex process is started, a process that affects the mother as well as the fetus (depending on the time and the circumstances in which it was born). The latter goes through an intense period of adaptation to environmental factors during childhood and adolescence, an adaptation that leaves its mark on their health and the balance of later adult life [76]. All of these marks can potentiate the occurrence of autoimmune diseases, a group of diseases which, although considered heterogeneous, have many common aspects from a pathogenic and evolutionary point of view, aspects emphasized with the help of the celiac disease-lupus autoimmune association model.…”

Section: The Place Of Nutrients In Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Connection between Celiac Disease and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Children—A Development Model of Autoimmune Diseases Starting from What We Inherit to What We Eat

Lupu,

Jechel,

Mihai

et al. 2023

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Celiac disease (CD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are two diseases intensively studied in all age groups, with an increasing incidence at the global level, possibly due to the increased awareness of the diseases and their accurate diagnosis and as a consequence of the new research and innovation technologies that have appeared in medicine. The first is a controllable condition found in approximately 1% of the entire population in the form of a reaction to environmental stimuli affecting individuals with genetic susceptibility, causing gluten intolerance, gastrointestinal and extradigestive symptoms, starting from subclinical stages and culminating in severe malabsorption. On the other hand, lupus is an autoimmune disease with chameleon-like symptoms and found mainly in the female sex, which leaves its clinical mark on most organs, from the skin, eyes, and kidneys to the cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, osteoarticular, and hematological systems. Current studies focus on the correlation between celiac disease and other autoimmune pathologies such as autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto and Graves–Basedow), type I diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The current review aims to present a summary of the data from the specialized literature regarding the intercurrents between celiac disease and lupus by analyzing the most recent studies published on PubMed.