Difficulties encountered during the Czochralski growth of TiO2 single crystals

Machida, Hiroshi; Fukuda, Tsuguo

doi:10.1016/0022-0248(91)90142-r

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…However, it is hard to grow high quality crystals of YVO4 , and TiO 2 , due to their high melting temperature and growth habit,68,69 whereas α-BBO 67 has a phase transition and large anisotropic thermal expansion, which may cause cracking during its crystal growth. Therefore, based on an overall consideration of birefringence,transmission range, and growth habit and facility, LiNa 5 Mo 9 O 30 has overwhelming predomination as a novel polarizer.…”

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confidence: 99%

LiNa₅Mo₉O₃₀: Crystal Growth, Linear, and Nonlinear Optical Properties

Zhang

Cantwell

et al. 2016

Chem. Mater.

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We report on the crystal growth, linear and nonlinear optical properties of LiNa 5 Mo 9 O 30 . The refractive indices were measured, and a very large birefringence of 0.2545 at 450.2 nm was determined. In addition, calculated phase-matching curves indicate that LiNa 5 Mo 9 O 30 can achieve non-critical type I and type II phase-matching (NCPM) for incident 1064nm radiation. Maker-fringe measurements, to determine individual non-linear optical coefficients, were also performed on the crystals in d 31 = 1.4 pm/V, d 32 = 4.3 pm/V, and d 33 = 1.1 pm/V. The laser damage threshold (LDT) is around 1.2 GW/cm 2 at 1064 nm using a 6 ns Nd:YAG laser operating at 5The quality of the crystals were measured by high resolution x-ray diffraction rocking curve measurements that revealed a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 59'' from the (001) reflection. The absorption edge was determined to be 357 nm, with transmission up to 5.26 µm. Our results indicate that single crystal LiNa 5 Mo 9 O 30 is an excellent polarizer as well as second-order nonlinear optical material.

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confidence: 99%

LiNa₅Mo₉O₃₀: Crystal Growth, Linear, and Nonlinear Optical Properties

Zhang

Cantwell

et al. 2016

Chem. Mater.

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“…Highly resistive silicon single crystals are manufactured by the rf-heating floating zone (rf-FZ) method. Rutile single crystals are manufactured by the infrared heating floating zone (IR-FZ) method because Rutile single crystals cannot be grown by the Czochralski method [1]. Although rutile single crystals are also manufactured by the Verneuil method, the etch pit density (EPD) of the rutile crystal grown by the IR-FZ method is one order of magnitude lower than that by of the same crystal grown by the Verneuil method [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal growth of rutile by tilting-mirror-type floating zone method

Watauchi

Sarker

Nagao

et al. 2012

Journal of Crystal Growth

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“…La 3 Ga 5 SiO 14 crystal as an excellent piezoelectric material, has reasonably large piezoelectric coefficients compared with quartz crystal and belongs to the point group 32, space group P321. There are a few reports concerning its piezoelectric properties, surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) devices [8][9][10][11]. And it has excellent physical properties, such as high hardness, large specific heat, small thermal expansion coefficients and high optical transmittance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%