Abstract:Flood retention areas are being increasingly promoted for flood risk management. People living in these areas will accept them if their interests are taken into account. The present study analyses the extent to which farmers' interests were taken into account in two flood retention projects in Thailand. A feasibility study was conducted in preparation for the first project which included public participation. The second project was a pilot project implemented in the same zone at a small scale. Participants in … Show more
“…The Retreat concept includes temporary storage of water on agricultural land (primarily rice fields) as well as enhanced naturalization and pond storage areas. The temporary storage concept to manage floods has been used in Europe and explored in Thailand via groundwater recharge or diversion into wetlands, green space, or lowland agricultural fields (Morris et al 2004 ; Pavelic et al 2012 ; Kositgittiwong et al 2017 ; Trakuldit and Faysse 2019 ). However, Trakuldit and Faysse ( 2019 ) note that the negotiation of payment for ecosystem services must involve effective stakeholder consultation and to date, such negotiations have proved challenging in Thailand.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This design also is consistent with the current Thai flood planning practice of “monkey cheeks”. The concept was introduced in 1995 by King Rama IX and refers to low-lying lands in the vicinity of major rivers (generally rice paddy, with some natural wetlands) that are used to temporarily store flood water, much as a monkey stores food in its cheeks to later be released and digested (Trakuldit and Faysse 2019 ; Irvine et al 2022c ). Fig.…”
A
Research through Designing
approach was used to explore nature-based solutions (NbS) for flood management at the fluvial (regional) and pluvial (local) scales as part of a Smart District visioning study in a peri-urban area north of Bangkok, Thailand. The NbS visions were informed by community surveys (total
n
= 770) as well as in-depth, semi-structured interviews with community leaders and key stakeholders representing private sector business. Both fluvial and pluvial flooding commonly occur in the study area and the cost of damage incurred by individuals generally exceeds aid remuneration. The surveys revealed that flood insurance was not widely used as a form of resiliency to flood conditions. Furthermore, survey participants generally considered common space and green space unsatisfactory and inadequate to meet community needs. In light of these survey responses, example NbS visions were developed to address community concerns and promote well-being, while concurrently providing resiliency and improved ecosystem services through connectivity of blue and greenscapes. This case study provides a novel linkage between the concepts of NbS, Research through Designing, and Smart City/District, in exploring sustainable and resilient approaches to flood management in the context of tropical, Global South development and also provides a first step towards developing an NbS typology.
“…The Retreat concept includes temporary storage of water on agricultural land (primarily rice fields) as well as enhanced naturalization and pond storage areas. The temporary storage concept to manage floods has been used in Europe and explored in Thailand via groundwater recharge or diversion into wetlands, green space, or lowland agricultural fields (Morris et al 2004 ; Pavelic et al 2012 ; Kositgittiwong et al 2017 ; Trakuldit and Faysse 2019 ). However, Trakuldit and Faysse ( 2019 ) note that the negotiation of payment for ecosystem services must involve effective stakeholder consultation and to date, such negotiations have proved challenging in Thailand.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This design also is consistent with the current Thai flood planning practice of “monkey cheeks”. The concept was introduced in 1995 by King Rama IX and refers to low-lying lands in the vicinity of major rivers (generally rice paddy, with some natural wetlands) that are used to temporarily store flood water, much as a monkey stores food in its cheeks to later be released and digested (Trakuldit and Faysse 2019 ; Irvine et al 2022c ). Fig.…”
A
Research through Designing
approach was used to explore nature-based solutions (NbS) for flood management at the fluvial (regional) and pluvial (local) scales as part of a Smart District visioning study in a peri-urban area north of Bangkok, Thailand. The NbS visions were informed by community surveys (total
n
= 770) as well as in-depth, semi-structured interviews with community leaders and key stakeholders representing private sector business. Both fluvial and pluvial flooding commonly occur in the study area and the cost of damage incurred by individuals generally exceeds aid remuneration. The surveys revealed that flood insurance was not widely used as a form of resiliency to flood conditions. Furthermore, survey participants generally considered common space and green space unsatisfactory and inadequate to meet community needs. In light of these survey responses, example NbS visions were developed to address community concerns and promote well-being, while concurrently providing resiliency and improved ecosystem services through connectivity of blue and greenscapes. This case study provides a novel linkage between the concepts of NbS, Research through Designing, and Smart City/District, in exploring sustainable and resilient approaches to flood management in the context of tropical, Global South development and also provides a first step towards developing an NbS typology.
“…Adaptation strategies that involve the creation of storage or retention areas on agricultural land are attracting growing interest as a nature-based means of mitigating the impact of riverine flooding and sea level rise [60,61]. In the present case, the open floodable spaces occupy natural depressions in the vicinity of the historic Kawai'ele and Nohili loko pu'uone [24,36], and pumping is sustainable, because most of the required energy will continue to be generated by the Wiamea and Waiawa hydroelectric power plants on Kekaha Ditch.…”
Section: Discussion Slr Impact and Adaptation Measuresmentioning
The Mānā Plain is a land apart, buffered from oceanographic influences by ~3–35 m high backshore deposits, and drained by an intricate, >100-y-old ditch system and modern, large-capacity pumps. Quantifying present and prospective inputs and outputs for the hydrologic landscape suggests that, although sea-level rise (SLR) will begin to impact ditch system operations in 2040, transient, event-based flooding caused by rainfall, not SLR induced, multi-mechanism flooding, will continue to pose the most immediate threat. This is because as sea level rises the ability of gravity flows to discharge storm runoff directly into the ocean will diminish, causing floodwater to pond in low-lying depressions. Estimates of the volume of water involved suggests the risk of flooding from surface water is likely to extend to 5.45 km2 of land that is presently ≤ 1 m above sea level. This land will not be permanently inundated, but weeks of pumping may be required to remove the floodwater. Increasing pumping capacity and preserving some operational ability to discharge storm runoff under the influence of gravity will enhance the ditch system’s resilience to SLR and ensure it continues to fulfill its primary functions, of maintaining the water table below the root zone and diverting storm runoff away from farmland, at least until the end of this century.
“…Water flow requires water pumping and energy for operation work of water pumps not only for the monkey cheeks, but also for all other flood protection concepts. Hydro energy and solar energy are very promising renewable energy sources considering their operability and availability [8,9]. It can be concluded that a hybrid system comprising a mini-hydropower plant and solar photovoltaic power plant can serve as the source of electrical energy required for the functioning and sustainability of the proposed concept for flood prevention.…”
Unexpected and intense floods have become more frequent recently; this is related to extreme weather events that are difficult to predict accurately. This necessitates new solutions to decrease the risk of flooding urban and rural areas. Moreover, such solutions should have negligible impact on the environment. There are several concepts, tools, and technical measures for preventing floods, one of which is the ‘monkey cheek’ concept for flood protection, used in Thailand for protection from river and sea floods. Monkeys collect food in their mouths and eat subsequently in stages. In a similar manner, excess water from floods could be collected and stored in reservoirs, sags, canals, floodplain forests, and unused space. Collected water could then be used for irrigation. In most cases, collected water must be pumped to distant or higher locations compared to the location where the water was collected. This requires electric energy for the pumps. This paper analyses a case study for the presented concept for the town of Ludbreg in Croatia, currently undergoing real-site measurements and calculations. A rescaled adjusted partial sums method is applied for the analysis. It has been shown that the energy potential of the local, small river Bednja in the observed location could be approximated using the “monkey cheek’’ concept. Within this, using the produced electricity from small hydropower plants and solar photovoltaic systems has been proven promising. The solution avoids building dams for flood protection, satisfying the environmental aspects.
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