Differing Mechanisms of New Particle Formation at Two Arctic Sites

Beck, Lisa; Sarnela, Nina; Junninen, Heikki; Hoppe, Clara Jule Marie; Garmаsh, Olga; Bianchi, Federico; Riva, Matthieu; Rose, Clémence; Peräkylä, Otso; Wimmer, Daniela; Kausiala, Oskari; Jokinen, Tuija; Ahonen, Lauri; Mikkilä, Jyri; Hakala, J.; He, Xu‐Cheng; Kontkanen, Jenni; Wolf, Klara; Cappelletti, David; Mazzola, Mauro; Traversi, Rita; Petroselli, Chiara; Viola, Angelo; Vitale, Vito; Lange, Robert; Maßling, Andreas; Nøjgaard, Jakob Klenø; Krejčí, Radovan; Karlsson, Linn; Zieger, Paul; Jang, Seonghoe; Lee, Kitack; Vakkari, Ville; Lampilahti, Janne; Thakur, Roseline C.; Leino, Katri; Kangasluoma, Juha; Duplissy, Ella‐Maria; Siivola, Erkki; Marbouti, Marjan; Tham, Yee Jun; Saiz‐Lopez, Alfonso; Petäj̈ä, Tuukka; Ehn, Mikael; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Skov, Henrik; Kulmala, Markku; Kerminen, Veli‐Matti; Sipilä, Mikko

doi:10.1029/2020gl091334

Cited by 93 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…S5. However, the calculated visibility is sometimes several orders of magnitude higher than the measured one, and it is unlikely that non-sphericity would cause such large differences given that the overall sizing uncertainty from optical particle spectrometers only increases from ±20 % to around ±30 % for non-spherical particles (Baumgardner et al, 2017;Borrmann et al, 2000). One possibility is that the differences in visibility are caused by a loss of detected cloud particles within the FM-120 (e.g.…”

Section: Outliers At Cold Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 88%

A long-term study of cloud residuals from low-level Arctic clouds

et al. 2021

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Abstract. To constrain uncertainties in radiative forcings associated with aerosol–cloud interactions, improved understanding of Arctic cloud formation is required, yet long-term measurements of the relevant cloud and aerosol properties remain sparse. We present the first long-term study of cloud residuals, i.e. particles that were involved in cloud formation and cloud processes, in Arctic low-level clouds measured at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard. To continuously sample cloud droplets and ice crystals and separate them from non-activated aerosol, a ground-based counter-flow virtual impactor inlet system (GCVI) was used. A detailed evaluation of the GCVI measurements, using concurrent cloud particle size distributions, meteorological parameters, and aerosol measurements, is presented for both warm and cold clouds, and the potential contribution of sampling artefacts is discussed in detail. We find an excellent agreement of the GCVI sampling efficiency of liquid clouds using two independent approaches. The 2-year data set of cloud residual size distributions and number concentrations reveals that the cloud residuals follow the typical seasonal cycle of Arctic aerosol, with a maximum concentration in spring and summer and a minimum concentration in the late autumn and winter months. We observed average activation diameters in the range of 58–78 nm for updraught velocities below 1 m s−1. A cluster analysis also revealed cloud residual size distributions that were dominated by Aitken mode particles down to around 20–30 nm. During the winter months, some of these small particles may be the result of ice, snow, or ice crystal shattering artefacts in the GCVI inlet; however, cloud residuals down to 20 nm in size were also observed during conditions when artefacts are less likely.

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Section: Outliers At Cold Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 88%

A long-term study of cloud residuals from low-level Arctic clouds

et al. 2021

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“…Table 1 compiles microphysical observations such as the CS, formation and growth rates. Several studies have investigated nucleation around Svalbard prior to Beck et al (2020). For example, based on volatility measurements, Giamarelou et al (2016, e) found that NPF involves SA and ammonia, in line with Beck et al (2020).…”

Section: Recent Advances In Understanding Arctic Npfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have investigated nucleation around Svalbard prior to Beck et al (2020). For example, based on volatility measurements, Giamarelou et al (2016, e) found that NPF involves SA and ammonia, in line with Beck et al (2020). Long-term size distribution data from the Zeppelin Observatory highlighted that NPF is rare in winter and occurs mainly in summer, linked to peak solar radiation over the year and day (early afternoon) (Dall'Osto et al 3.5 × 10 −3 ± 1.9 × 10 −3 (spring) Tiksi, Russia 0.01-0.41 (7 nm) 2.4 ± 2.0, 3.6 ± 2.5, 2.6 ± 1.7 (June, July, and August) Asmi et al (2016) 0.1-3.6 (all year average)…”

Section: Recent Advances In Understanding Arctic Npfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbiologically active waters contribute to NPF relevant gases, e.g. SA and MSA (Levasseur, 2013), while animal colonies emit ammonia (Croft et al, 2016), and yet unresolved processes lead to iodic acid (IA) production (Baccarini et al, 2020;Beck et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Recent advances in understanding Arctic NPF Beck et al (2020, "a" in Fig. 1) reveal nucleation mechanisms for two Arctic sites, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Unraveling Atmospheric New Particle Formation and Growth Across the Arctic

Schmale

Baccarini

2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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 Arctic new particle formation involves a large variety of chemical species varying by location and season. New particle formation and growth are observed throughout all seasons with enhancement when solar radiation is stronger  A molecular-level understanding of nucleation across the Arctic is still missing, future studies should focus on filling this gap Accepted ArticleThis article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

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Low-volatility vapors and new particle formation over the Southern Ocean during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition

Baccarini

Dommen

Lehtipalo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Aerosols have a major impact on our climate (Stocker et al., 2014). They scatter and absorb solar radiation and are part of cloud formation processes as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) or ice nucleating particles (INP). The combination of aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions contributes the largest fraction of uncertainty to the overall radiative forcing budget (Stocker et al., 2014). The present day (PD) aerosol forcing is calculated against a preindustrial (PI) baseline, which is poorly constrained because direct measurements of PI aerosols are impossible. Additionally, the radiative forcing due to aerosol-cloud interactions (RF aci ) is non-linearly dependent on the total aerosol number concentration and is much more sensitive to changes in low concentration regimes, which are more representative of the the PI time (Carslaw et al., 2013(Carslaw et al., , 2017. Therefore, the highly uncertain concentration and distribution of PI aerosols has a disproportionately large effect on the PD RF aci uncertainty. One way to constrain this uncertainty is to better characterize natural sources of aerosols, which were predominant during the PI time. However, there are very few places on Earth that may still resemble PI-like conditions with minimum anthropogenic influence. Among these locations, the Southern Ocean is probably the region with the highest number of PI-like days during summer (Hamilton et al., 2014). Recently, Regayre et al. (2020) demonstrated that a small set of measurements over the Southern Ocean can be as effective as a two orders of magnitude larger and more heterogeneous set of data from the Northern Hemisphere in reducing the RF aci in a global climate model. This highlights the value of measurements in pristine and remote locations.

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Differing Mechanisms of New Particle Formation at Two Arctic Sites

Cited by 93 publications

References 80 publications

A long-term study of cloud residuals from low-level Arctic clouds

A long-term study of cloud residuals from low-level Arctic clouds

Progress in Unraveling Atmospheric New Particle Formation and Growth Across the Arctic

Low-volatility vapors and new particle formation over the Southern Ocean during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition

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