Differentiation of vascular dementia from AD on neuropsychological tests

Royall, Donald R.; Román, Gustavo C.; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Looi, Jeffrey

doi:10.1212/wnl.55.4.604-b

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although several studies have attempted to identify neuropsychological patterns typical of VaD or AD, 97–104 few studies have addressed this issue in MD, but one study by Bowler et al, reported that neuropsychological characteristics of MD are more closely related to those of VaD than AD, suggesting an important role for the ischemic component of MD 105 …”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Dementia: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Zekry

Hauw

Gold

2002

J American Geriatrics Society

203

140

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the most frequent causes of dementia in older people. Although AD can be diagnosed with a considerable degree of accuracy, the distinction between isolated AD, VaD, and mixed dementia (MD), where both pathologies coexist in the same patient, remains a controversial issue and one of the most difficult diagnostic challenges. Although MD represents a very frequent pathology, especially in older people, as reported in neuropathological studies, the respective importance of degenerative and vascular lesions, their interaction in the genesis of dementia, and the mere existence of MD are still debated. Accurate diagnosis of MD is of crucial significance for epidemiological purposes and for preventive and therapeutic strategies. Until recently, pharmacological studies have generally focused on pure disease, AD or VaD, and have provided little information on the best therapeutic approach to MD. This article provides an overview of MD in older people. A retrospective review of the recent literature on prevalence, incidence, course, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of MD was performed. The article also emphasizes the need for further studies, including neuropsychological and functional evaluations, and neuroimaging and clinicopathological correlations to develop a better understanding of MD, which appears to be one of the most common forms of dementia.

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Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Dementia: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Zekry

Hauw

Gold

2002

J American Geriatrics Society

203

140

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“…A growing body of evidence suggests that a strong association between executive dysfunction and IADL impairment exists in patients with VaD due to small vessel disease [23][24][25][26]. Importantly, this relationship appears to be independent of dementia severity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Executive dysfunction is arguably the most salient neuropsychological feature of VaD and has emerged as a reliable determinant of IADL impairment in demented elderly [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Executive functions include complex thinking abilities, mental flexibility/set shifting, and behavioral initiation and persistence.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Correlates Of Iadl Dysfunction In Vadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and prediction of functional impairment in vascular dementia

Boyle¹,

Cahn-Weiner²

2004

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

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“…Memory loss, necessary to fulfil the NINDS-AIREN criteria, may be not present at the beginning of the disease, being predominant the executive deficits [12,13]. Moreover, in VCI there is no single, classical neurobehavioral and cognitive phenotype since vascular brain injury may affect any region of the brain.…”

Section: Diagnostic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Cognitive Disorder. A Biological and Clinical Overview

Battistin

Cagnin

2010

Neurochem Res

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Although vascular dementia (VaD) represents the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the elderly, and is referred as the "silent epidemic of the twenty-first century", there is still a controversy on terminology, classification and diagnostic criteria of VaD. The diagnosis of VaD resides in clinical criteria determining a cognitive impairment, the presence of cerebrovascular disease and, only in the case of post-stroke dementia or multi-infarct dementia, a temporal relationship between these. The search for a reliable biochemical tests helping in the diagnosis of VaD is so far not available. Several vascular risk factors have a role in the development of VaD and their identification and treatment are among the major aspects of management of VaD. A new line of research in this field is the study of genetic factors underlying vascular cognitive impairment which are: (1) genes predisposing to cerebrovascular disease, and (2) genes that influence brain tissue responses to cerebrovascular lesions. Evidence in favour of a coexistence of vascular and degenerative components in the pathogenesis of dementia in an elderly population comes from neuropathological and epidemiological studies. There is now a great debate whether VaD and AD are more than common coexisting unrelated pathologies and, instead, represent different results of synergistic pathological mechanisms. Preventive approaches aiming at reducing incident VaD by targeting patients at risk of cerebrovascular disease (primary prevention), or acting on patients after a stroke (secondary prevention) to prevent stroke recurrence and the progression of brain changes associated with cognitive impairment are mandatory therapeutic strategies.

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Differentiation of vascular dementia from AD on neuropsychological tests

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Mixed Dementia: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Mixed Dementia: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Assessment and prediction of functional impairment in vascular dementia

Vascular Cognitive Disorder. A Biological and Clinical Overview

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