Differentiation of Toxocara canis and T. cati eggs by light and scanning electron microscopy

Uga, Shoji; Matsuo, Junji; Kimura, Daisuke; Rai, Srinidhi; Koshino, Yuta; Igarashi, Kazuei

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(00)00323-x

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For example, there are reports on the prevalence of these helminths -37.5 % and 62.5 % in the Iberian wild lynx (Lynx pardinus) in Spain (Torres et al, 1998) and 35.7 % and 8.8 % in cats from Brazil respectively (Labarthe et al, 2004) (Table 1). Vervaeke et al (2005) suggest that the prevalence of T. canis and T. leonina in foxes is dependent on geographical location. Although the prevalences of both species were not determined the authors suggest that the prevalence of T. canis was higher.…”

Section: Abstract: T Canis; T Cati; Toxascaris Leonina; Carnivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, identification within the genus Toxocara is more complicated. According to Uga et al (2000) measurements of egg dimensions has not been helpful in the differentiation of Toxocara species, because approximately 90 % of eggs measured were of similar size. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) it was possible to differentiate eggs of T. canis from T. cati based on their respective characteristic surface structures.…”

Section: Abstract: T Canis; T Cati; Toxascaris Leonina; Carnivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina in wild and domestic carnivores

et al. 2012

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Ascarididae nematodes of genera Toxocara and Toxascaris are of significant epizootic relevance among predatory mammals from families Canidae and Felidae. Localization of these nematodes in the definitive hosts, their morphology, as well as the measurements of eggs and adult worms are similar. Recently, molecular techniques have provided alternative approaches for the identification of ascarid species. A common feature of the life cycles of these generally monoxenous nematodes is the significant participation of small rodents. In case of Toxocara spp., the rodent plays the role of paratenic host but optional intermediate host for T. leonina. Several studies indicate co-occurence of both T. canis and T. leonina in domestic and wild canids as well as T. cati and T. leonina in felids. Although the infections of humans with T. canis and T. cati are common worldwide, larvae of T. leonina has the potential to cause human disease as emerging zoonosis.

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Section: Abstract: T Canis; T Cati; Toxascaris Leonina; Carnivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abstract: T Canis; T Cati; Toxascaris Leonina; Carnivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina in wild and domestic carnivores

et al. 2012

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“…Feces of both specimens of D. albiventris showed nonembryonated ascaridid eggs ( Figure 1a) measuring 68 ± 3 (62-77) mm by 61 ± 3 (56-67) mm (n = 120) and presenting morphological features compatible with T. cati (UGA et al, 2000;FAHRION et al, 2011). Moreover, the eggs of Aspidodera raillieti Travassos, 1913 [68 ± 3 (63-77) mm by 48 ± 2 (43-53) mm, n = 40] (Figure 1b) and Cruzia tentaculata (Rudolphi, 1819) [116 ± 5 (103-127) mm by 61 ± 2 (55-67) mm, n = 30] (Figure 1c), which are nematode species that were previously reported in D. albiventris from Brazil (QUINTÃO E SILVA & COSTA, 1999), were also observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The diagnosis of infection of cats by T. cati or soil contamination with eggs of this ascaridid [which are very similar to Toxocara canis (WERNER, 1782), a parasite species found in dogs], although difficult and time consuming, may be performed by morphometric analysis (UGA et al, 2000;FAHRION et al, 2011;MACPHERSON, 2013;present study) or, more recently, with the aid of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular characterization (FAHRION et al, 2011;DURANT et al, 2012;KHADEMVATAN et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxocara cati (Nematoda: Ascarididae) in Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) from Brazil: a case of pseudoparasitism

Pinto

Mati

Melo

2014

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Eggs of Toxocara cati were found in the feces of Didelphis albiventris from a peridomestic urban environment in Brazil. Negative fecal tests following short-term captivity of the opossums, as well as the absence of ascaridids during necropsy, suggest the occurrence of pseudoparasitism. Implications of the findings for the epidemiology of toxocariasis are discussed.Keywords: Opossum, pseudoparasitism, Toxocara cati. ResumoOvos de Toxocara cati foram encontrados nas fezes de Didelphis albiventris oriundos de um ambiente peridomiciliar urbano no Brasil. A negatividade dos exames de fezes após um curto período de cativeiro dos gambás e a ausência de nematódeos ascaridídeos durante a necropsia sugerem a ocorrência de pseudoparasitismo. As implicações dos achados para a epidemiologia da toxocarose são discutidas.Palavras-chave: Gambás, pseudoparasitismo, Toxocara cati. Anthropogenic environmental changes have led to the overlap of habitats and increased contact between wildlife and domestic animals, which can result in the transmission of helminth species from these hosts (spillover), a phenomenon widely discussed in recent times (reviewed by DASZAK et al., 2000;THOMPSON, 2013). However, studies on the possible involvement of wild animals in the life cycle of parasites from domestic animals are comparatively scarce (THOMPSON, 2013).Among the wildlife animals affected by human-caused environmental changes is the white-eared opossum, Didelphis albiventris Lund, 1840, a marsupial with a high potential for adaptation to urban areas (CÁCERES, 2002;SOUSA et al., 2012). In these areas, there is considerable overlap of the habitat of these didelphids and domestic animals, such as cats and dogs. Although not well known, the possibility of parasite transmission between felines and marsupials is real. Moreover, the fact that opossums act as reservoir hosts of pathogens that are of medical and veterinary importance (THATCHER, 2006) should be considered as a warning.In this case report, during the coproparasitological analysis of two young specimens of D. albiventris (males, weighing about 400 g), immature eggs of Toxocara cati (SCHRANK, 1788), an ascaridid parasite of felids with a worldwide distribution, were found, characterizing cases of pseudoparasitism.The opossums, captured in December 2013 on the premises of the Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were individually kept in cages containing food and water ad libitum for three days. All feces obtained during the captivity period were evaluated daily. Initially, the search for proglottids of cestodes and largersized nematodes that were possibly eliminated in the feces was performed macroscopically, and the fecal aliquots were processed using the spontaneous sedimentation method and analyzed by light microscopy. In parallel, samples of feces from cats (n = 12) obtained in the same habitat where opossums were caught were examined by the same parasitological method. The eggs of the helminths found we...

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“…Scanning electron microscopic observation was able to differentiate T. canis eggs from T. cati eggs based on their respective characteristic surface structures. Both species have subspherical eggs with marked pitted surfaces, but the surface pitting of T. canis is coarser than that in T. cati [77].…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Human Toxocariasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxocariasis and Public Health: An Epidemiological Review

Chigozie¹

2017

Glob J Infect Dis Clin Res

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An epidemiological review of toxocariasis aimed to underpin its prevalence, proclivity and prognosis was undertaken. Human toxocariasis constitutes one of the most common parasitic infections worldwide, which is more prevalent in developing and tropical countries. Human infection is caused by ingesting the eggs which were shed in the faeces of the defi nite dog or cat host. There is a range of clinical manifestations of toxocariasis in human, but the two classical clinical syndromes often described are visceral and ocular larva migrans. The clinical signs and complications which result from infection with this parasite are mostly dependent on the number and migration locations of Toxocara larvae. Visual identifi cation of larvae in tissues and organs is the gold standard for toxocariasis diagnosis in human, while an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay detecting Imunoglobulin-G antibodies against Toxocara excretory-secretory antigen is the reference test for immunodiagnosis. In human, loss of vision, hypereosinophilia, encephalitis and problems involving the liver, lung and the central nervous system are the most important complications. Poor hygiene, poverty and lack of education can exacerbate the exposure to Toxocara infection. Albendazole is the treatment of choice for toxocariasis. Conclusively, the present review recommends that regular stool examination and frequent chemotherapy of pets can be effective in reducing the egg number deposited in soil; reducing the number of pet animals or limiting contacts of small children with them and good hygiene practices will limit transmission of toxocariasis.

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Differentiation of Toxocara canis and T. cati eggs by light and scanning electron microscopy

Cited by 52 publications

References 8 publications

Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina in wild and domestic carnivores

Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina in wild and domestic carnivores

Toxocara cati (Nematoda: Ascarididae) in Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) from Brazil: a case of pseudoparasitism

Toxocariasis and Public Health: An Epidemiological Review

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