Differentiation of ten pine species from central portugal by monoterpene enantiomer-selective composition analysis using multidimensional gas chromatography

Abstract

SummaryThe composition of the volatile terpenes emitted by different trees has been successfully used as markers in a wide variety of studies such as chemotaxonomy. In this work discrimination among ten pine species, R pinea, R pinaster, R brutia, R elliottii, R halepensis, R kesiya, R radiata, R patula, R sylvestris, and R taeda was achieved by analyzing the relative composition of their volatile emissions. The analysis was performed after simultaneous distillation extraction; 16 monoterpenes were identified. My means of principal component analysis it was shown that discrimination among species could be maximized by taking into account three monoterpenes only -~z-pinene,/~-pinene, and hmonene. In a second stage of the work the extracts were submitted to enantiomer-selective multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC). The enantiomer ratio was determined after separation on a tailor-made 2, 3-dimethyl-6-9 methylsilyl-/~-cyclodextrin analytical column. Application of principal component analysis to the samples enabled their comparative characterization.

Differentiation of five pine species cultivated in Brazil based on chemometric analysis of their volatiles identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

“…Fischedick et al 16 discriminated varieties of Cannabis by GC, using the quantitative data for monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and cannabinoids. Similar studies involving Pinus were reported previously, for different species than those studied here, based on chemical analysis of the volatiles produced by different tissues including needles, [17][18][19] seeds, 20 cones, 21 xylem 22,23 and phloem. 24 The application of chemometry in studies in Brazil was recently reviewed by Bruns et al 25 In the present study, it was collected and characterized the volatiles emitted by branches of five pine species cultivated in Brazil, P. elliottii, P. taeda, Pinus caribaea Morelet, Pinus maximinoi H. E. Moore and Pinus patula Schiede ex Schlechtendal et Chamisso, by means of aeration, GC-FID (gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector), GC-MS and hierarchical cluster (HCA) and principal component (PCA) analyses, as potential methods to be used in the differentiation of these species.…”

“…P. elliottii is discriminated based on the contents of camphene (3), (-)-β-pinene (6) and (E)-caryophyllene (15). The strong influence of (+)-α-pinene for P. taeda and (-)-β-pinene for P. elliottii was observed by Gomes da Silva et al 17 in extracts from needles of Pinus from central Portugal. (12) and thymol methyl ether (14), and the larger amount of β-phellandrene (10).…”

“…The first three principal components explained more than 82% of sample variability, with the first factor scoring 35.42%. The score and loading results, illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, respectively, show that the discrimination of P. taeda is strongly influenced by (+)-α-pinene (1), myrcene (7), methyl octanoate (13) and germacrene D (17). P. elliottii is discriminated based on the contents of camphene (3), (-)-β-pinene (6) and (E)-caryophyllene (15).…”

Characterization of the volatile fraction emitted by phloems of four pinus species by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

“…Several authors have referred that both biosynthesis and biogenesis of mono-and sesquiterpenes are genetic and species dependent [12,16]. The differences found in the emission patterns of the genus Pinus are reported to be mainly quantitative, allowing for interspecific discrimination [9][10][11][12]15].…”

“…Most studies on conifer monoterpene emissions used samples from foliage [8,9,11,16,[18][19][20][21][22], cortex tissue [12], seeds [10], cones [11], or bark volatiles emissions after insect oviposition induction [14,15]. In most of these studies, simultaneous destillation-extraction (SDE) methods were used to isolate the volatile compounds from the complex matrices [8,9,13,20,23,24].…”