“…However, despite repeated calls for more empirical studies around the topic of social justice, the bulk of the published literature has focused on theory building (e.g., Bemak & Chung, 2007; Crethar, Torres Rivera, & Nash, 2008; Ratts, 2011; Ratts et al, 2016), expanding counselor awareness around social justice (e.g., Kiselica & Robinson, 2001; Lee & Rodgers, 2009), or integrating social justice into counselor training and practice (Constantine, Hage, Kindaichi, & Bryant, 2007; Goodman et al, 2004; Lopez‐Baez & Paylo, 2009; MacLeod, 2013). Furthermore, of the empirical articles that have been published, nearly all used counselor trainees as the target population (e.g., Beer, Spanierman, Greene, & Todd, 2012; Caldwell & Vera, 2010; Cook et al, 2016; Hoover & Morrow, 2016; Sandage, Crabtree, & Schweer, 2014). As a result, there is limited information about the social justice activities in which professional counselors engage and the frequency and extent to which they engage in them.…”