“Differentiation of Schooling” and Mother's Education

Abstract

It is frequently said that the degree of familial di#erentiation of schooling has expanded in recent years. In contrast with the stratification studies that originally covered this issue, recent works have put more stress on economic problems. Therefore, we need to focus on the educational attainment of mothers that particularly reflects the viewpoint of family sociology: parenting, female gender, the occupational environment of married women, familial cultural capital, and so on.The current situation is one where the tertiary education attendance ratio of middle-age females has risen as high as forty percent. Taking this ratio into account, the education of mothers may be dichotomizing their educational strategies.

A multilevel analysis of Japanese middle school student and school socioeconomic status influence on mathematics achievement

“…Hamano (2009a) confirmed that both father and mothers' level of education were correlated moderately with educational expenditures outside of schools and their income level. Some researchers argued that parental level of education is more influential than parental income on children's educational attainment (Kariya, 1995;Kikkawa, 2009;Miwa, 2008). Kikkawa (2009) claimed that parental income seems to be more visible in relation to student educational attainment, however, other factors, such as parental educational background, are more deeply related to children's educational attainment.…”

“…Kikkawa (2009) also argued that mothers' educational background is a key to explain children's educational attainment. Hojo (2011) also found with Japan TIMSS data that the impact of mothers' educational background was more influential and that students with community college degree mothers did better than students with college degree mothers.…”

“…A few researchers explained that maternal education is a key and influential factor for their children to decide numerous choices in life (Kikkawa, 2009) and maternal aspiration was also related to their children's educational attainment (Hamashima & Takeuchi, 2002). This maternal educational aspiration might have influenced their children's attendance in shadow education.…”

“…Especially, mothers tend to be more influential in their children's academic arena. Kikkawa (2009) explained that mothers tend to be influential for their children throughout their life course. In other words, maternal influence tends to be unavoidable in their children for different aspects in their lives.…”