Differentiation of Rhizoma Et Radix Polygoni Cuspidati from Closely Related Herbs by HPLC Fingerprinting

Abstract

Rhizoma Et Radix Polygoni Cuspidati (Huzhang, HZ), the stem and root of Polygonum Cuspidatum SIEB. et ZUCC., belongs to the family of Polygonaceae. It is one of the most generally used traditional Chinese medicinal materials in China and is listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2005 edition).1) Clinically it is used in prescriptions and composite formulae to activate blood circulation, remove blood stasis, expel wind and dampness, dredge the meridians and clear away heat evil and toxic material, etc. 1,2)The stem and root of crude drug contain stilbenes, anthraquinones and flavones as the major chemical constituents. Examples included resveratrol, polydatin (piceid), emodin, physcion, chrysophanol, rhein, anthraglycoside A, anthraglycoside B, fallacinol, questinol, etc. 2-5)Pharmacological and clinical studies indicated that several chemical components in HZ are bioactive with reported activities. Resveratrol, which is also available in grapes but in a much lower content, 6,7) has demonstrated biological activities in inhibiting growth of several bacteria and fungi, 8,9) lowering blood cholesterol level 2,9) and exhibiting anti-inflammatory property.9) Emodin can act as a strong inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase to inhibit the growth of cancer cell.9,10) Polydatin, the most abundant chemical component in HZ, can inhibit platelet aggregation, 2,4,5,8,9) lower blood cholesterol, 2,4) enhance blood flow in capillaries 2,4,5) and act as a tranquilizing agent. 2,9) Both Radix Polygoni Multiflori (Heshouwu, HSW) and Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang, DH), are members of family Polygonaceae. Although they can be differentiated from each other simply based on their morphological appearances, however, precise authentication on powder or extracted forms always encountered difficulties. Representative fingerprinting profiles of HZ, HSW and DH were therefore generated with aims to differentiate among each other by identities and relative amounts of chemical constituents. Authentication using chemical profile for HZ was reported previously but these were mainly focused on qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of one to two constituents which are considered inadequate. 6,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Therefore, a comprehensive qualitative HPLC analysis of HZ using 13 characteristic peaks was conducted. Multiple batches of authenticated samples in different cultivation origins were collected for generating representative chromatogram. Altogether 24 HZ, 9 HSW and 7 DH samples were analyzed and eight common compounds were identified in the HZ fingerprint (Table 1, Fig. 1). A reproducible method of generating HPLC fingerprint of HZ was developed which can be used for distinguishing HZ samples from other related herbs.In order to determine the optimal detection wavelength for the characteristic chromatograms of HZ, HPLC-diode array detection (DAD) associated with three dimensional plots of retention time-absorbance-wavelength (3D-plots) was used. The entire chemical profile of HZ in the chromatographic window was analyzed by ...

Analysis and Functionality of Major Polyphenolic Components of Polygonum cuspidatum (Itadori)

“…As described in the introduction section, P. cuspidatum contains functional components such as resveratrol, and, therefore, is expected to be applied to the development of new foods with new functions (2,6). The chromatography of the polyphenolic compounds in the root extract on an Atlantis TM dC 18 column yielded two peaks, which were different from that corresponding to authentic resveratrol.…”

“…1 One mM resveratrol showed 15% ␣-glucosidase inhibitory activity against maltase. 2 One mM polydatin showed 40% ␣-glucosidase inhibitory activity against maltase.…”

“…Since P. cuspidatum contains useful functional components such as anthraquinone and fl avonoid, it has been expected to be utilized as a functional components of functional foods (2). Recently, resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) has been found to be one of the functional components (3).…”

Improved chromatographic fingerprints for facile differentiation of two Ganoderma spp.

“…Thereafter, a combination of mathematical and computer approaches can be used to study the relationship of chromatographic patterns. Based on chemometrics, the computer aided similarity evaluation system (CASES) is commonly adopted in similarity study of chromatographic and spectral patterns (Qian et al, 2006;Xie et al, 2006). The software first synchronizes the chromatographic peaks, calculates the correlation coefficients among entire chromatographic profiles and generates the mean chromatogram as a representative reference fingerprint from a collection of chromatograms.…”

Quantitative and Pattern Recognition Analyses for the Quality Evaluationof Herba Epimedii by HPLC

“…Fingerprint analysis/pattern recognition with multivariate statistical analysis can provide the information of overall chemical composition of herbal medicines including the marker compounds traditionally used for quality control. This approach has been extensively used in the quality studies of diverse herbal drugs [3][4][5][6] and recently has been suggested to check the authenticity or quality evaluation of the herbal medicines by FDA, WHO and the State Food and Drug Administration of China. [7][8][9] Herba Epimedii (Berberidaceae) is a well known Korean traditional medicine, prepared from the dried aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum Nakai or closely related species, such as E. brevicornum Maxim., E. sagittatum Sieb.…”