Differentiation of pinopsin-immunoreactive cells in the developing quail pineal organ: an in-vivo and in-vitro immunohistochemical study

Yamao, Mikaru; Araki, Masasuke; Okano, Toshiyuki; Fukada, Yoshitaka; Oishi, Tadashi

doi:10.1007/s004410051326

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As concerning the quail pineal organ, the presence of mature transcripts encoding AA-NAT and MLT receptors: mel-1a, mel-1b and mel-1c has been reported in the pineal glands of 7-11-day-old quail embryos (Obłap and Olszańska 2004). The immunoreactivity of the pineal photopigment, pinopsin, was detected in 8-day-old quail embryos (Yamao et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The direct photosensitivity of avian pinealocytes is possible due to the presence of two photopigments -pinopsin and melanopsin (Yamao et al 1999, Okano and Fukada 2003, Holthues et al 2005, Prusik and Lewczuk 2008b. Pinopsin is responsible for the inhibitory action of light on MLT synthesis, while melanopsin is considered to be involved in the entrainment of the endogenous circadian oscillator activity to the environmental light conditions (Holthues et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of melatonin secretion in the pineal organ of the domestic duck – an in vitro study

Prusik¹,

Lewczuk²,

Ziółkowska³

et al. 2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The aim of study was to determine the mechanisms regulating melatonin secretion in the pineal organs of 1-day-old and 9-month-old domestic ducks. The pineals were cultured in a superfusion system under different light conditions. Additionally, some explants were treated with norepinephrine.The pineal glands of 1-day-old ducks released melatonin in a well-entrained, regular rhythm during incubation under a 12 hrs light : 12 hrs dark cycle and adjusted their secretory activity to a reversed 12 hrs dark : 12 hrs light cycle within 2 days. In contrast, the diurnal changes in melatonin secretion from the pineals of 9-month-old ducks were largely irregular and the adaptation to a reversed cycle lasted 3 days. The pineal organs of nestling and adult ducks incubated in a continuous light or darkness secreted melatonin in a circadian rhythm. The treatment with norepinephrine during photophases of a light-dark cycle resulted in: 1) a precise adjustment of melatonin secretion rhythm to the presence of this catecholamine in the culture medium, 2) a very high amplitude of the rhythm, 3) a rapid adaptation of the pineal secretory activity to a reversed light-dark cycle. The effects of norepinephrine were similar in the pineal organs of nestlings and adults.In conclusion, melatonin secretion in the duck pineal organ is controlled by three main mechanisms: the direct photoreception, the endogenous generator and the noradrenergic transmission. The efficiency of intra-pineal, photosensitivity-based regulatory mechanism is markedly lower in adult than in nestling individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of melatonin secretion in the pineal organ of the domestic duck – an in vitro study

Prusik¹,

Lewczuk²,

Ziółkowska³

et al. 2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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“…The avian pineal organ contains several types of photoreceptors with different photopigments: rhodopsin, iodopsin, and pinopsin. In the developing pineal organs of Japanese quails, pinopsin immunoreactivity is detected at embryonic day 8, 5 days earlier than rhodopsin-and iodopsin-like immunoreactivities (Yamao et al, 1999). Transducin is a member of a large family of G-proteins that couple membrane receptor proteins to effector enzymes.…”

Section: Photoreceptor-specific Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory and endocrine characteristics of the avian pineal organ

Sato

2001

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The avian pineal organ represents a transitional type between a photosensory organ of lower vertebrates and the endocrine gland of mammals and shows remarkable changes in its innervation and structure during ontogeny. In the avian pineal organ the progressive reduction of the pinealofugal component and the spectacular increase in pinealopetal sympathetic innervation occur in parallel. In domestic fowl the number of intrapineal AChE-positive (afferent) neurons decreases rapidly during ontogenetic development, whereas the sympathetic innervation becomes more prominent. Furthermore, the end vesicle of the pineal organ is an anatomical entity fully separated from the brain in the adult domestic fowl, as observed in some mammalian pineals. The avian pineal organ contains several types of photoreceptors with different photopigments and the synthesis of melatonin, the pineal hormone, is controlled by light. Immunoreactivity for photopigments is reduced during the posthatching development of chicken, whereas neuron-specific enolase (NSE)-immunoreactive pinealocytes increase remarkably in number in the end-vesicle of the domestic fowl with age, followed by a gradual expansion toward the proximal portion. NSE is the most acidic isoenzyme of the glycolytic enzyme enolase and is useful as a cytoplasmic marker of neurons and neuroendocrine tissue. The above-mentioned findings reflect the sequence of changes leading from pineal sense organs to pineal gland. The demonstration of melatonin receptors in a variety of avian peripheral tissues suggest a possible direct action of melatonin on the physiological functions of different organ systems in response to internal and external stimuli.

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“…In fact, photoreceptors with all known types of outer segment-like configurations are pinopsin-IR . In addition, follicular cells may also express rhodopsin-and iodopsin-like opsins (2003) receptors occur in much smaller numbers than pinopsin-IR ones (Yamao et al 1999).…”

Section: Are There Really Many Types Of Pineal Photoreceptors?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of photosensory pineal organs in new light: the fate of neuroendocrine photoreceptors

Ekström

Meissl

2003

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

122

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Pineal evolution is envisaged as a gradual transformation of pinealocytes (a gradual regression of pinealocyte sensory capacity within a particular cell line), the so-called sensory cell line of the pineal organ. In most non-mammals the pineal organ is a directly photosensory organ, while the pineal organ of mammals (epiphysis cerebri) is a non-sensory neuroendocrine organ under photoperiod control. The phylogenetic transformation of the pineal organ is reflected in the morphology and physiology of the main parenchymal cell type, the pinealocyte. In anamniotes, pinealocytes with retinal cone photoreceptor-like characteristics predominate, whereas in sauropsids so-called rudimentary photoreceptors predominate. These have welldeveloped secretory characteristics, and have been interpreted as intermediaries between the anamniote pineal photoreceptors and the mammalian non-sensory pinealocytes. We have re-examined the original studies on which the gradual transformation hypothesis of pineal evolution is based, and found that the evidence for this model of pineal evolution is ambiguous. In the light of recent advances in the understanding of neural development mechanisms, we propose a new hypothesis of pineal evolution, in which the old notion 'gradual regression within the sensory cell line' should be replaced with 'changes in fate restriction within the neural lineage of the pineal field'.

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Differentiation of pinopsin-immunoreactive cells in the developing quail pineal organ: an in-vivo and in-vitro immunohistochemical study

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Regulation of melatonin secretion in the pineal organ of the domestic duck – an in vitro study

Regulation of melatonin secretion in the pineal organ of the domestic duck – an in vitro study

Sensory and endocrine characteristics of the avian pineal organ

Evolution of photosensory pineal organs in new light: the fate of neuroendocrine photoreceptors

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