Differentiation of L-cysteine Sources using FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy

Zharif, Z. Mohamad; Tukiran, Nur Azira; Sani, Muhamad Shirwan Abdullah

doi:10.31436/hs.v1i1.26

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…FTIR spectra were applied to study the functional groups of free cysteine, HA, and Cys‐ conj ‐HA molecules (as shown in Figure 1C). In the FTIR spectrum of free cysteine, the diffraction peak found at 1600 cm −1 was due to the vibration of carbanyl group in COOH 38 . As to HA molecules, the diffraction peak observed at 1556 cm −1 could be attributed to the vibration of NH moieties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In the FTIR spectrum of free cysteine, the diffraction peak found at 1600 cm À1 was due to the vibration of carbanyl group in COOH. 38 As to HA molecules, the diffraction peak observed at 1556 cm À1 The second one was start at 186.5 C and terminated at 497.3 C with the mass loss of 55.6%, which might be caused by the pyrolysis of HA molecules. 39 By contrast, cysteine molecules showed the lowest thermal stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fabrication of hyaluronic acid‐based nanoparticles and studies on their radical scavenging activity

Zhu,

Xu,

Shang

et al. 2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this paper is to study the stability, radical scavenging activities, and bio‐safety of cysteine‐conjugated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (Cys‐conj‐HA NPs). Additionally, the feasibility of utilizing these NPs as drug delivery systems is discussed. The structures of synthesized Cys‐conj‐HA polymers were analyzed using 1H nuclear magnetic spectrum (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. The stability, radical scavenging activity, and bio‐safety of fabricated Cys‐conj‐HA NPs were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photograph illustrated that Cys‐conj‐HA NPs possessed spherical shapes with an average diameter of approximately 230 nm. Furthermore, these NPs exhibited high stability at temperatures of 4, 25, and 37°C. Notably, Cys‐conj‐HA NPs demonstrated significant free radical scavenging capabilities. The high cell viability observed indicated the absence of cytotoxicity from Cys‐conj‐HA NPs. Additionally, bio‐safety studies revealed that these NPs did not induce acute toxicity in the blood and viscera of cargo‐free NPs treated mice. Elisa assays indicated that there was no significant difference in the concentrations of interferon‐γ (INF‐γ) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) between Cys‐conj‐HA NPs and normal saline (NS) treated mice (ns, p > 0.05), suggesting the absence of an inflammatory reaction caused by these NPs. Consequently, it can be concluded that Cys‐conj‐HA NPs are sufficiently safe to be employed as a vehicle for delivering oxidizing drugs.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Fabrication of hyaluronic acid‐based nanoparticles and studies on their radical scavenging activity

Zhu,

Xu,

Shang

et al. 2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Activated carbon (6 g) was added to remove color, and the mixture was left to stand for 24 hours. After decantation to separate the activated carbon, the sample was filtered using a Buchner funnel, and any remaining solid residue was rinsed twice with distilled water 17 . The formed solid was dissolved in 100 mL of 40% NaOH with stirring.…”

Section: Amino Acid Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acids Isolation from α-keratin of Javanese Goat (Capra hircus) Hair and Garut Sheep (Ovis aries) Hair Waste Using Acid Hydrolysis Method as BCAA Supplement

Firdaus,

Andrianto,

Darmawan

2024

Valensi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Javanese goat and Garut sheep hair contain α-keratin, a protein that can be broken by hydrolysis to produce simpler amino acids. Feather waste generates millions of tons of α-keratin biomass originating from animal slaughterhouses, thereby raising health concerns. The utilization of acid hydrolysis is considered to be more cost-effective compared to enzymatic hydrolysis, and it provides a broader range of amino acid cleavage sites compared to enzymes, which exhibit specific cleavage. This study aimed to isolate amino acids from Javanese goat and Garut sheep hair through acid hydrolysis. The methods included hair sample preparation, acid hydrolysis used 6 M HCL at 110°C, reflux isolation, amino acid separation based on isoelectric pH 4.9 –5.4, functional groups analysis using FTIR, and analysis of amino acid content by HPLC methods. The results showed that the yield produced after isolation on Javanese goat hair samples was 0.92% and Garut sheep hair 0.32%, respectively. The FTIR spectrum showed amino acid functional groups in both samples, including carboxyl (COOH), amine (C-N primer), (C-S disulfide), and amide I (-CONH2). Successful breakdown of α-keratin proteins into simpler amino acids was achieved for Javanese goat and Garut sheep hair. Amino acid analysis of Javanese goat hair isolates revealed the presence of aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamate, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine, and arginine amino acids, respectively. The highest content was isoleucine at 0.60% w/w. In conclusion, the isolated amino acids from Javanese goat hair can be used as a halal supplement that serves as nutrition in the body.

show abstract

Sources of cysteine-based pharmaceutical drugs and their halal aspects in product development

Firdaus,

Jihad,

Mursaha

2023

Halal Stud. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Indonesia is characterized by the largest Muslim population globally, showing the need for supplements and medicines consumed to be halal (permissible under Islamic law). In this context, cysteine is an essential amino acid crucial for biological functions in humans. It is used as a mucolytic agent to help thin mucus in respiratory diseases, such as bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cysteine also serves as a supplement or an antidote to acetaminophen for detoxification or to counteract paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose, a commonly used drugs to relieve pain and reduce fever. Therefore, this research aims to comprehensively review sources of cysteine, production, and use in pharmaceuticals. This research also explores the opinions of scholars regarding halal aspects that need to be considered when developing pharmaceutical product containing cysteine. The methods used included searching through references of research obtained from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, NCBI, Elsevier, the Qur'an, Hadiths, and other Islamic literature sources. The compound structures were visualized using the ChemSketch tool from ACD/Labs. The results showed that mucolytic and acetaminophen drugs, such as acetylcysteine, could be derived from both animal and plant sources through chemical and nonchemical separation processes. As a precursor of acetylcysteine synthesis, the permissibility of cysteine sourced from specific organs, such as pig hair, had different opinions among scholars. However, the prevailing opinions and fatwa tended to depend on prohibition, based on sources, process, and urgency of use.

show abstract

Differentiation of L-cysteine Sources using FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Fabrication of hyaluronic acid‐based nanoparticles and studies on their radical scavenging activity

Fabrication of hyaluronic acid‐based nanoparticles and studies on their radical scavenging activity

Amino Acids Isolation from α-keratin of Javanese Goat (Capra hircus) Hair and Garut Sheep (Ovis aries) Hair Waste Using Acid Hydrolysis Method as BCAA Supplement

Sources of cysteine-based pharmaceutical drugs and their halal aspects in product development

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About