Differentiation of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in Sera of Patients with HSV Central Nervous System Infections by Type-specific Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Nishimura, Y.; Ayabe, Mitsuyoshi; Shoji, Hiroshi; Hashiguchi, Hideyuki; Eizuru, Yoshito; Kawana, Takashi

doi:10.1053/jinf.2001.0881

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…CSFPCRis applied mainly for the acute stage of HSVCNSinfections, while an ELISA using type-specific glycoprotein G can differentiate HSV-1and -2 in serum from the convalescent stage. In our recent study (37), in most of 17 patients with HSVCNS infections, the ELISAdata were compatible with PCRtype differentiation. These results suggest that type-specific ELISA is a useful test to identify HSVtypes.…”

Section: Survey Of Hsv Cns Infectionssupporting

confidence: 64%

Acute Viral Encephalitis: The Recent Progress.

et al. 2002

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In the new Japanese control law for infectious diseases, most varieties of acute viral encephalitis belong to Category IV requiring report of all cases at sentinel hospitals. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis comprises the majority of cases. With the increased prevalence of diagnostic procedures such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), several forms of HSV-1,and -2 central nervous system (CNS) infections, including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, brainstem encephalitis, and myelitis, have been clarified. Since 1990 we have conducted a survey of HSVCNSinfections in the Kyushu and Okinawa regions, and the data are reviewed here. Trends include an increase in a new subtype of non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis.In contrast, the incidence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Japan has dramatically decreased to a few patients per year; however, JE remains a threat for those with decreased or absent immunity to the JE virus. Imported emerging and reemerging CNSinfections such as Murray Valley and West Nile encephalitis can occur in Japan. Influenza-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy is also described as a threat for adults as well as young children. (Internal Medicine 41: 420-428, 2002)

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Section: Survey Of Hsv Cns Infectionssupporting

confidence: 64%

Acute Viral Encephalitis: The Recent Progress.

et al. 2002

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“…On the other hand, serum taken from one patient (patient P-5) was not found to contain antibody to gG-1 or gG-2, even though HSV-1 DNA was amplified from the patient's cerebrospinal fluid. No antibody to gG was detected in the serum of this patient in the previous study either (17). In addition, this serum sample was also found not to have antibody to either HSV-1 or HSV-2.…”

Section: Vol 46 2008 Discrimination Of Primate Herpesvirus Infectiomentioning

confidence: 44%

“…b UD, under the detection limit (Ͻ100). c DNA was amplified from the cerebrospinal fluid of patient P-2, but the type could not be determined (17). d ND, not detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination of Antibody to Herpes B Virus from Antibody to Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in Human and Macaque Sera

et al. 2008

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The antigenic cross-reactive characteristics of herpes B virus and herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 are responsible for false-positive diagnoses by serological assays in humans and macaques. In the present study, we developed a fluorometric indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant herpes B virus glycoprotein D (gD) and HSV-1 and HSV-2 gG (gG-1 and gG-2, respectively) to discriminate between the three primate herpesvirus infections. The secreted form of gD, gDdTM, was used to detect antibody to herpes B virus gD. Sera positive for herpes B virus, HSV-1, and HSV-2 showed specific reactions to gD, gG-1, and gG-2, respectively. Sera collected from humans and rhesus macaques were investigated for the presence of antibodies to the recombinant proteins of the three herpesviruses. The results suggested that the approach is able to discriminate between herpes B virus and HSV infections. The ELISA was also found to be able to detect infections with multiple primate herpesviruses and may have the potential to identify a subsequent infection in individuals that have already been infected with another herpesvirus. In addition, we found evidence of a greater cross-reactivity of herpes B virus with HSV-1 than with HSV-2. It is suggested that the ELISA with the recombinant antigens is useful not only for the serodiagnosis of primate herpesvirus infections but also for elucidation of the seroprevalence of herpesviruses in humans and primates.Herpes B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) infection is a fatal zoonosis characterized by acute encephalomyelitis (26,27). The rate of mortality among individuals with the infection is high if such individuals are not given antiviral therapy in the early stages of infection. The natural hosts of the causative agent are Asian macaques, which are used in the medical field as models for humans. This suggests that laboratory workers in contact with the macaques could become exposed to viruscontaminated sources, such as saliva and urine from infected hosts (4). Therefore, the development of a rapid and accurate method for the detection of herpes B virus infection is required for both the early diagnosis of the infection in patients and the establishment of virus-free macaque colonies. Serological assays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting (WB) analysis with a herpes B virusinfected cell antigen, are available for the detection of herpes B virus infections (2,7,12,18).The serodiagnosis of herpes B virus infections is difficult because of the antigenic cross-reactivity of herpes B virus with related herpesviruses. Herpes B virus is classified as a member of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, which includes herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2, and has been shown to share antigenic and biological characteristics with these human herpesviruses, such as a tropism for neurons and propagation and dissemination in natural hosts (6,8,21). The high seroprevalence of HSV in humans, which has been reported to...

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“…using the HSV 1 antigen, IgM antibody was 0.21, and IgG was 96.9. For HSV1 and 2 differentiation in sera, a new IgG ELISA kit using HSVtype-specific glycoprotein G (gG) was applied, by which HSV gG-1 was found to be 3.482 (positive^1), and HSV gG-2 was 0.082 (9). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contained 9 cells/mm3; protein 50 mg/dl, glucose 63 mg/dl; HSV ELISA IgG was 4.6; the ratio of serum ELISA IgG (96.9) to CSF ELISA IgG (4.6) was 21 (normal >100).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%