Differentiation and description of aromatic short grain rice landraces of eastern Indian state of Odisha based on qualitative phenotypic descriptors

Abstract

BackgroundSpeciality rice, in general, and aromatic rice in particular, possess enormous market potential for enhancing farm profits. However, systematic characterization of the diversity present in this natural wealth is a major pre requisite for using it in the breeding programs. This study reports qualitative phenotypic trait based characterization of 126 short grain aromatic rice genotypes, collected from different areas of the state of Odisha, India.ResultsOut of the 24 descriptors employed, highest variability (8 different types) was observed for lemma-palea colour with a genetic diversity index (He) of 0.696. The principal component analysis reveals that the tip colour of lemma, colour of awn and colour of stigma, cumulatively explain 74 % of the total variation. The Population STRUCTURE analysis classified the population into two subpopulations which were subdivided further into four distinct groups. The western and southern districts of Odisha are endowed with maximum diversity in comparison to eastern and northern districts and at district level comparisons, Koraput and Puri districts are rich with a genetic diversity values of 0.324 and 0.303 respectively. With this set of morphological qualitative traits, based on ‘phenoprinting’, a newly proposed bar coding system, unique fingerprints of each genotype can be effectively generated that can help in easy identification of these genotypes.ConclusionThough aromatic rices represent a tiny fraction of the total rice germplasm, a small collection of 126 land races did exhibit rich diversity for all the qualitative traits. For lemma-palea colour, eight different types were detected while for tip colour of lemma, six different types were recorded, suggesting the presence of rich variability in short grain aromatic rices that are conserved in this region. The proposed ‘phenoprinting’ can be an effective descriptor with the unique finger prints generated for each genotype and coupled with molecular (DNA) finger printing, we can discriminate and identify each and every aromatic short grain rice genotype. The proposed system not only help in conservation but also can confer IPR protection to these specialty rices.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12898-016-0086-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Evaluation of the Genetic Variation of Cowpea Landraces (Vigna unguiculata) from Western Cameroon Using Qualitative Traits

“…The Shannon-Weaver diversity index found in this study was H' = 0.609. Similar high values were reported in others cultivated inbred species like rice (Roy et al, 2016) and wheat (Hailu et al, 2010).…”

Population genetics analyses of North-East Indian indigenous rice landraces revealed divergent history and alternate origin of aroma in aus group

“…The diversity of rice genetic resource from this region has drawn the attention of the scientists for decades. The endeavour has characterized a large number of landraces that provided some preliminary insight on genetic diversity and its distribution (Vairavan et al ., 1973; Choudhury et al ., 2013; Das et al ., 2013; Choudhury et al ., 2014; Roy et al ., 2015; Roy et al ., 2016a, b). A similar pattern of genetic diversity in these groups has also been detected in our analyses; however, in some cases (e.g.…”

“…In this study, we have considered the genotype data of the North-East Indian landraces from two published reports by Roy et al . (2015, 2016a, b). These reports described a total of 171 landraces from the six states, namely Assam ( Joha = 54), Arunachal Pradesh (66), Manipur ( Chakhao = 16), Mizoram ( Tai = 9), Nagaland (21) and Sikkim (5); of which, 64 Arunachal Pradesh accessions were non-aromatic, so our dataset consisted of 107 aromatic and 64 non-aromatic.…”

“…In order to determine population structure and subpopulation identity, we combined the data from Roy et al . (2015, 2016a, b) with the global dataset from Garris et al . (2005).…”

“…Apart from Basmati-type long grain rice, the short and medium grain landraces from North-East India also contribute significantly to the diversity of aromatic rice. Despite their potential, the past researchers have broadly evaluated the genetic diversity (Choudhury et al ., 2013; Das et al ., 2013; Choudhury et al ., 2014; Roy et al ., 2015, 2016a, b), but their history or the role of heirloom rice in agro-biodiversity conservation and management remained elusive, while both have a lot of bearing on the diversity. That we propose to address in this article employing a panel of standard rice micro-satellite markers.…”