Differentiation and cell wall degrading enzymes in the obligately biotrophic rust fungus <i>Uromyces viciae-fabae</i>

Deising, H. B.; Rauscher, Martina; Haug, Marc; Heiler, Stefan

doi:10.1139/b95-304

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…In Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Uromyces appendiculatus, genes or cDNAs induced during appressorium formation in vitro have been isolated (Xuei et al 1992;. In U. fabae, synthesis and secretion of host cell-wall-degrading enzymes and chitin deacetylase were found to be dependent on infection structure development (Deising et al 1995). From Phytophthora infestans, nine in planta-induced genes have been isolated.…”

Section: Isolation Of Development-specific Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar kind of regulation in this fungus has been observed for host cell-wall-degrading enzymes. Their synthesis and secretion were found to be dependent only on the degree of infection structure differentiation, except for polygalacturonate lyase, which in addition required the presence of its substrate (Deising et al 1995). Within the plant, the expression of some genes is further increased, and new genes (e.g., PIG5, PIG8, PIG16) are induced.…”

Section: Pig Expression Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the leaf parenchyma, the rust fungus spreads with a mycelium consisting of intercellular hyphae, including haustorial mother cells, and haustoria that are formed within host cells. During infection structure development, cell-walldegrading enzymes are released by the rust fungus in a sequential and differentiation-dependent fashion (Deising et al 1995;Mendgen et al 1996). Haustorium formation occurs only within living host cells and probably requires other, yet unknown, signals from the plant (Heath 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of In Planta—Induced Rust Genes Isolated from a Haustorium-Specific cDNA Library

Hahn¹,

Mendgen²

1997

MPMI

173

208

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Rust fungi are plant parasites that depend on living host tissue for growth. For invasion of leaves, dikaryotic urediospores differentiate germ tubes and infection structures that penetrate through stomata. Biotrophic growth occurs by intercellular mycelia that form haustoria within host cells. A cDNA library was constructed from haustoria isolated from broad bean leaves infected by Uromyces fabae. Differential screening revealed that a high proportion (19%) of the haustorial cDNAs are specifically expressed in planta but are not expressed, or are much weaker, in germlings or infection structures produced in vitro. A total of 31 different in planta-induced genes (PIGs) were identified. Some of the PIGs are highly expressed in haustoria. The PIGs are single or low copy number genes in the rust genome. A variety of developmentally regulated expression patterns of PIG mRNAs were observed. Sequence analysis of PIG cDNAs revealed similarities to genes encoding proteins involved in amino acid transport, thiamine biosynthesis, short-chain dehydrogenases, metallothioneins, cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, and peptidyl-prolyl isomerases. Additional keywords: Uredinales, U. viciae-fabae.The rust fungi (order: Uredinales; phylum: Basidiomycetes) are a large group of biotrophic obligate plant pathogens with a complex life cycle, including up to five different spore types (Littlefield 1981). During infection, dikaryotic rust hyphae show a high degree of morphogenetic and physiological differentiation. After landing on the epidermis, urediospores of Uromyces fabae firmly attach to the cuticle by forming an adhesion pad containing esterases, including cutinase (Deising et al. 1992). Germ tube growth occurs in close contact with the leaf surface. Topographical features of the stomatal guard cells and possibly also chemical signals induce the formation of an appressorium and additional infection structures, which invade the plant through the stomatal opening (Staples and Hoch 1987). In the leaf parenchyma, the rust fungus spreads with a mycelium consisting of intercellular hyphae, including haustorial mother cells, and haustoria that are formed within host cells. During infection structure development, cell-walldegrading enzymes are released by the rust fungus in a sequential and differentiation-dependent fashion (Deising et al. 1995;Mendgen et al. 1996). Haustorium formation occurs only within living host cells and probably requires other, yet unknown, signals from the plant (Heath 1995).Very little is known about the physiology of rust fungi growing within host tissue. An intriguing phenomenon is the apparent absence of plant defense responses in a compatible interaction. There is some evidence for the release of suppressors by rust hyphae growing in the host (Heath 1995). Only a few facts are known about the mechanism of biotrophic nutrient uptake. Recent data favor an important function of the rust plasma membrane H + -ATPase and a haustorium-specific amino acid permease that seem to cooperate in the energydependent metaboli...

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Section: Isolation Of Development-specific Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pig Expression Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of In Planta—Induced Rust Genes Isolated from a Haustorium-Specific cDNA Library

Hahn¹,

Mendgen²

1997

MPMI

173

208

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“…Besides, fungi can turn chitin in their cell walls to chitosan. This is achieved by means of chitin deacetylase activity and may block host recognition and degradation of fungal cell walls by plant chitinases in biotrophic fungi (Deising et al 1995). Commercial chitosan is mainly produced by chemical methods using chitin waste products from seafood industry (Kumar 2000).…”

Section: Compatibility Of Fpi With Natural Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights on the Mode of Action of Fungal Pathogens of Invertebrates for Improving Their Biocontrol Performance

Maciá‐Vicente

Palma‐Guerrero

Gómez-Vidal

et al. 2011

Biological Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes:

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The main fungal pathogens of invertebrates (FPI), nematophagous fungi and entomopathogenic fungi, have an important lifestyle overlapping. This is mainly due to the characteristics in common that their host share. Both groups of biocontrol agents share pathogenic determinants because the barriers of nematodes and insects are evolutionary conserved. Recently endophytism has been found a new aspect of the mode of action of FPI which has a potential relevance in biocontrol performance. The rationale is because they can modulate plant defences and because they act where their pest targets live and act. Natural vegetation is a reservoir root endophytes and subsequently a microbe group to screen for new biocontrol agents of plant-parasitic nematodes and root dwelling insect pests. We have found that FPI are compatible with chitosan natural compounds which may enhance their biocontrol potential.

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“…During infection structure differentiation rust fungi produce and secrete cell wall degrading enzymes step by step (14) to invade the host plant (55). During a metabolically independent growth phase, germ tubes, substomatal vesicles, or infection hyphae exhibit ER with either parallel (stacked ER) or single cisternae.…”

Section: The Endoplasmic Reticulum (Er) Of Uromyces Viciae-fabaementioning

confidence: 99%

Secretion and endocytosis at the interface of plants and fungi

Mendgen¹,

Bachem²,

Stark-Urnau³

et al. 1995

Can. J. Bot.

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Secretion products and the uptake of material from the outside of the protoplasts of plants and microbes may influence the mutual interaction in host-parasite systems. Organelles involved in secretion by rust fungi have been characterized using immuno-electron microscopy. Proteins with the C-terminal histidine -aspartic acid -glutamic acid -leucine tetrapeptide (HDEL) signal sequence accumulated in tubular vesicular complexes of the ER in the parasitic phase of the fungi. The tubular complexes were differentiated from smooth cisternae that probably correspond to the Golgi equivalent. In the plant, material was secreted into the papilla and at the same time, endocytosis of 1,3-(3-g1ucans by clathrincoated vesicles occurred at the penetration site of the monokaryotic appressorium. During further development of monokaryotic haustoria, different wall layers were produced around the~e haustoria. Components of those layers were plant cell wall constituents most of which were also detected in the Golgi apparatus. One layer was rich in callose, which is supposed to be synthesized at the plasma membrane. Obviously, endo-and exo-cytosis occur permanently by host and parasite during fungal development within the plant.Key words: Uromyces, Golgi, secretion, endocytosis, high-pressure freezing, Saccharomyces, Vigna sinensis, Vicia faba.Resume: La secretions de substances et I'absorption de materiels a partir de I'exterieur de protoplastes de plantes et de microbes peuvent influencer les systemes d'interactions mutuelles entre les hotes et leurs parasites. A I'aide de la microscopie electronique et du marquage immunologique, les auteurs ont caracterise les organeJles impliques dans la secretion de rouilles fongiques. Chez le champignon, au cours de la phase parasitaire, des proteines avec la sequence signaletique HDEL s'accumulent dans Ies complexes tubulo-vesiculaires du reticulum endoplasmique. Les complexes tubulaires se differencient a partir de citernes lisses qui correspondent probablement 11 la structure equivalent 11 I'appareil de Golgi. Chez la plante, au site de penetration par I'appressorium, monocaryote, du materiel est secrete dans les papilles et au meme moment, on observe I'endocytose de 1,3-(3-glucans par des vesicules enveloppees de c1athrine. Au cours des aut res eta pes du developpement de I'hausterie monocaryote, differentes couches parietales sont deposees autour des hausteries. Les composantes de ces couches sont des constituants de parois cellulaires de plantes dont la plupart peuvent egalement etre decelees dans !'appareil de Golgi.Une couche est riche en callose, laquelle est supposement synthetisee sur la membrane plasmique. 11 y a donc des preuves que des endo-et des exo-cytoses sont constamment effectuees par I'hote et le parasite au cours du developpement fongique dans la plante.

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Differentiation and cell wall degrading enzymes in the obligately biotrophic rust fungus Uromyces viciae-fabae

Cited by 36 publications

References 42 publications

Characterization of In Planta—Induced Rust Genes Isolated from a Haustorium-Specific cDNA Library

Characterization of In Planta—Induced Rust Genes Isolated from a Haustorium-Specific cDNA Library

New Insights on the Mode of Action of Fungal Pathogens of Invertebrates for Improving Their Biocontrol Performance

Secretion and endocytosis at the interface of plants and fungi

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