Differentiating major depression from adjustment disorder with depressed mood in the medical setting

Snyder, Stephen L.; Strain, James J.; Wolf, Dennie Palmer

doi:10.1016/0163-8343(90)90074-m

Cited by 93 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Affective disorders were diagnosed in about one-third of the patients, confirming the high prevalence of these disturbances in the general hospital [19] and the need for close attention to an accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment of depression in physically ill patients [20,21]. In line with other reports, adjustment disorders were also frequently diagnosed among referred patients (14% prevalence in our sample) [22,23]. Despite the common tendency to minimize the clinical significance of Adjustment Disorders, recent research has shown that this is an important and timeconsuming diagnostic category in C-L psychiatry practice [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A multicenter investigation of consultation-liaison psychiatry in Italy

Gala¹,

Rigatelli²,

Bertolini³

et al. 1999

General Hospital Psychiatry

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A multicenter investigation of consultation-liaison psychiatry in Italy

Gala¹,

Rigatelli²,

Bertolini³

et al. 1999

General Hospital Psychiatry

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“…Nonetheless, the diagnosis of adjustment disorder is frequently made with an estimated incidence of 5-21% in psychiatric consultation services for adults (Jones et al, 1999). Although there is less information regarding the estimated incidence of adjustment disorder in adolescents, there are several reports indicating that adjustment disorder is more often found in young people (Despland et al, 1995;Snyfer et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustment disorder and the course of the suicidal process in adolescents

Portzky

Audenaert

Heeringen

2005

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Background: Adjustment disorders are often associated with suicidal behaviour but there is little information regarding the nature of the relationship and the effect of adjustment disorders on the suicidal process. The authors' goal was to investigate the association of adjustment disorders (with depressed mood) and suicide in adolescents by means of a psychological autopsy study. Method: Relatives and other informants of 19 suicide victims were interviewed by means of a semi-structured interview schedule. Differences in duration of the suicidal process between suicide victims diagnosed with adjustment disorder and suicide cases diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders were examined. Results: The suicidal process was significantly shorter in suicide victims diagnosed with adjustment disorder compared with suicide cases diagnosed with other disorders. No indications of a history of emotional or behavioural problems during early adolescence were found in suicide cases diagnosed with adjustment disorder. Limitations: The study sample consists of a small sample size and retrospective interviews of relatives were used. Conclusions: The suicidal process in suicide victims diagnosed with adjustment disorder appears to be short and rapidly evolving without any prior indications of emotional or behavioural problems. The importance of assessing the suicidal risk in patients diagnosed with adjustment disorder is underlined. D

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“…Although there is some literature on psychopathological reactions to stressful events [4,5,6,7], the diagnostic category of adjustment disorders has always been controversial [3]. Diagnostic criteria are vague and specify that no diagnosis of adjustment disorder should be made if the criteria for another disorder are met [3,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. In summary, the diagnosis of adjustment disorders only has a subordinated status with no clear profile of its own [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder in Comparison to Other Mental Disorders

Lindén

Baumann

Rotter

et al. 2007

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: The term ‘posttraumatic embitterment disorder’ (PTED) was recently introduced to describe a subtype of adjustment disorders, characterized by prolonged embitterment, severe additional psychopathological symptoms and great impairment in most areas of life in reaction to a severe negative but not life threatening life event. The aim of this study is an empirical description and validation of the clinical concept of PTED, by comparing clinically defined PTED patients with patients suffering from other mental disorders on measures of posttraumatic stress and psychopathological distress. Methods: Fifty inpatients, suffering from PTED according to previously defined clinical diagnostic criteria, were compared with another 50 patients, matched by age and gender, who did not meet clinical criteria for PTED but for other mental disorders. Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Self-report measures included the Bern Embitterment Scale, the Impact of Event Scale, the PTED Self-Rating Scale and the SCL-90. Results: According to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview both groups fulfilled the criteria for many disorders with a significantly higher occurrence of major depression and chronic adjustment disorder but less generalized anxiety disorder lifetime in PTED patients. Patients with PTED scored significantly higher on the global scores and on most subdimensions of the SCL-90, the Impact of Event Scale, the Bern Embitterment Scale and the PTED Self-Rating Scale. Conclusions: Clear differences were found between PTED patients and patients with other mental disorders in regard to the quality and intensity of psychopathological as well as posttraumatic stress symptoms. PTED can help further subclassify and specify adjustment and reactive disorders.

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Differentiating major depression from adjustment disorder with depressed mood in the medical setting

Cited by 93 publications

References 15 publications

A multicenter investigation of consultation-liaison psychiatry in Italy

A multicenter investigation of consultation-liaison psychiatry in Italy

Adjustment disorder and the course of the suicidal process in adolescents

Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder in Comparison to Other Mental Disorders

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