Differentiating Embarrassment and Shame

Miller, Rowland S.; Tangney, June P.

doi:10.1521/jscp.1994.13.3.273

Cited by 129 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…In particular, the emotion of shame is often associated with self-disgust-especially when the individual views themselves as possessing negative characteristics or being responsible for negative events (Miller, 1997;Power & Dalgleish, 1997). This latter factor may be an important one, because empirical studies have frequently found shame and disgust-especially self-disgust-to be closely related (Miller & Tangney, 1994), especially in the context of anxious psychopathologies such as eating disorders (Troop, Murphy, Bramon, & Treasure, 2000) and pain catastrophising (Ellis & D'Eon, 2002). Thus, possessing many forms of anxious psychopathology may be a sufficient condition for experiencing elevated disgust in the form of self-disgust or shame, and this experienced consequence of the psychopathology may be what the disgust measure is tapping when theoretically unexpected relationships between disgust and psychopathology measures are found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using controlled comparisons in disgust psychopathology research: The case of disgust, hypochondriasis and health anxiety

Davey

Bond

2006

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using controlled comparisons in disgust psychopathology research: The case of disgust, hypochondriasis and health anxiety

Davey

Bond

2006

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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“…In particular, the emotion of shame is often associated with self-disgust-especially when the individual views themselves as possessing negative characteristics or being responsible for negative events [116,117]. This latter factor may be an important one, because empirical studies have frequently found shame and disgust-especially selfdisgust-to be closely related [118], especially in the context of anxious psychopathologies such as eating disorders [106] and pain catastrophizing [119]. Thus, possessing many forms of anxious psychopathology may be a sufficient condition for experiencing elevated disgust in the form of self-disgust or shame, and this experienced consequence of the psychopathology may be what the disgust measure is tapping when theoretically unexpected relationships between disgust and psychopathology measures are found.…”

Section: Mechanisms Mediating the Indirect Effects Of Disgust On Psycmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disgust: the disease-avoidance emotion and its dysfunctions

Davey

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

152

113

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This review analyses the accumulating evidence from psychological, psychophysiological, neurobiological and cognitive studies suggesting that the disease-avoidance emotion of disgust is a predominant emotion experienced in a number of psychopathologies. Current evidence suggests that disgust is significantly related to small animal phobias (particularly spider phobia), blood -injection -injury phobia and obsessive -compulsive disorder contamination fears, and these are all disorders that have primary disgust elicitors as a significant component of their psychopathology. Disgust propensity and sensitivity are also significantly associated with measures of a number of other psychopathologies, including eating disorders, sexual dysfunctions, hypochondriasis, height phobia, claustrophobia, separation anxiety, agoraphobia and symptoms of schizophrenia-even though many of these psychopathologies do not share the disease-avoidance functionality that characterizes disgust. There is accumulating evidence that disgust does represent an important vulnerability factor for many of these psychopathologies, but when disgust-relevant psychopathologies do meet the criteria required for clinical diagnosis, they are characterized by significant levels of both disgust and fear/anxiety. Finally, it has been argued that disgust may also facilitate anxiety and distress across a broad range of psychopathologies through its involvement in more complex human emotions such as shame and guilt, and through its effect as a negative affect emotion generating threat-interpretation biases.

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“…In other words, guilt involves preoccupation with a specific transgression (''I did that horrible thing''), whereas the experience of shame derives from negative evaluation of the global self (''I did that horrible thing'') (Tangney & Dearing, 2002). Furthermore, shame is experienced when people attribute negative events to perceived deficiencies of the core self (Klass, 1990) and perceive that their deepseated flaws are revealed to oneself or others (Miller & Tangney, 1994). In contrast, guilt is experienced when individuals attribute setbacks and transgressions to specific and unstable internal factors (e.g., temporary slips) (Hoblitzelle, 1987).…”

Section: The Shame Versus Guilt Distinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shame-prone gamblers and their coping with gambling loss

2012

JGI

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Applying recent research on self-conscious emotions (e.g., Tangney & Dearing, 2002) to the literature of gambling, the proposal that painful self-conscious emotions brought about by chronic awareness of personal inferiority and inadequacy, deemed as a major predisposing factor for problem gambling (Jacobs, 1986), appears to be compatible with the chronic affective trait of shameproneness but incompatible with guilt-proneness. This premise led to the hypothesis that shame-proneness is strongly associated with problem-gambling severity, whereas guilt-proneness is minimally associated with problem gambling. Further, it was hypothesized that shame-prone gamblers frequently use avoidant coping strategies following gambling loss and chase losses, whereas this tendency is minimal among guilt-prone gamblers. These hypotheses were supported by the data from a retrospective survey of recent gambling loss occasions (N5284). The findings indicate that shame-proneness is one of the predisposing risk factors for problem gambling, whereas guilt-proneness may mitigate gambling problems.Keywords: shame-proneness; problem gambling; gambling loss; avoidant coping Résumé L'application aux études sur le jeu des résultats de recherches récentes sur les émotions liées à la conscience de soi (p. ex., Tangney et Dearing, 2002) a permis de faire la constatation suivante : la proposition selon laquelle ces émotions, lorsqu'elles sont douloureuses et provoquées par un sentiment chronique d'infériorité et de mésadaptation, seraient un important facteur prédisposant au jeu compulsif (Jacobs, 1986) semble se vérifier chez les personnes ayant comme trait affectif chronique une propension à la honte, mais ne pas s'avérer juste chez celles ayant une propension à la culpabilité. Cette prémisse a mené à la formulation de l'hypothèse selon laquelle la propension à la honte est fortement associée aux problèmes graves de jeu compulsif, alors que la propension à la culpabilité n'est associée au jeu compulsif que de façon minimale. Il a également été postulé que les joueurs ayant une propension à la honte usent fréquemment de stratégies d'évitement après avoir connu des pertes ou tenté de récupérer des sommes perdues, et qu'inversement cette tendance est peu présente chez les joueurs ayant une propension à la culpabilité. Une étude rétrospective de nombreux cas de pertes au jeu (N5284) a été effectuée afin de corroborer ces hypothèses, et les résultats de cette étude indiquent que la propension à la honte est un des facteurs de risque prédisposant au jeu compulsif, tandis que la propension à la culpabilité pourrait avoir pour effet d'atténuer les problèmes de jeu.

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Differentiating Embarrassment and Shame

Cited by 129 publications

References 24 publications

Using controlled comparisons in disgust psychopathology research: The case of disgust, hypochondriasis and health anxiety

Using controlled comparisons in disgust psychopathology research: The case of disgust, hypochondriasis and health anxiety

Disgust: the disease-avoidance emotion and its dysfunctions

Shame-prone gamblers and their coping with gambling loss

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