Differentiating between scavengers and entomopathogenic nematodes: Which is Oscheius chongmingensis?

Zhang, Keyun; Baiocchi, Tiffany; Lu, Dihong; Chang, Dennis; Dillman, Adler R.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2019.107245

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Here, it is worthwhile to discuss the status of Oscheius as EPNs. Most of Oscheius populations might not be regarded as EPNs according to the criteria set by killing the target insect within 48 hr ( Zhang et al, 2019 ). Similarly, many EPN populations from the genus of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis also cannot be regarded as EPNs given that they cannot kill the pest insects within 48 hr.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes in Southwest China as potential biocontrol agents against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Sun

Zhang

Song³

et al. 2021

Journal of Nematology

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Spodoptera litura is a notorious leaf feeding insect pest in the Asia-Pacific region and leads to a significant economic loss in vegetable and field crop production. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), lethal parasites of insects, are used as biocontrol agents. Yunnan Province in China is a well-known region due to its rich biodiversity. In the present study, a survey of EPNs using the Galleria-baiting technique was conducted in 2017 and 2018 throughout the entire Yunnan province. In total, 789 soil samples were collected from 232 sites, of which 75 samples were positive for EPNs. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS, D2D3 expansion region of the 28S rRNA gene, as well as mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), were performed to identify isolated nematode species and evaluate their genetic diversity. In total, 13, 3, and 58 identified populations belong to Steinernema, Heterorhabditis, and Oscheius, respectively. The phylogenetic relationships of EPN species in the three genera were analyzed with the Neighbor-Joining method. The virulence of the trapped isolates in the genera of Steinernema, Heterorhabditis, and Oscheius against S. litura was evaluated. Ten new indigenous isolates from Steinernema and Heterorhabditis showed prominent virulence to S. litura within 48 hr which is equivalent to that of commercial EPNs populations. The present study provides background information on indigenous EPN resources for S. litura control in Asia-Pacific region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes in Southwest China as potential biocontrol agents against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Sun

Zhang

Song³

et al. 2021

Journal of Nematology

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“…Antagonistic effects of B. cereus/thuringiensis isolates on the model nematode, C. elegans , were examined by estimating the potential of hemolytic B. cereus/thuringiensis to prevent competition by scavengers for the resource-rich insect cadavers 37 . Daily mortality of C .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible impacts of the predominant Bacillus bacteria on the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis s. l. in its infected ant cadavers

Chiu

Lin

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Animal hosts infected and killed by parasitoid fungi become nutrient-rich cadavers for saprophytes. Bacteria adapted to colonization of parasitoid fungi can be selected and can predominate in the cadavers, actions that consequently impact the fitness of the parasitoid fungi. In Taiwan, the zombie fungus, Ophiocordyceps unilateralis sensu lato (Clavicipitaceae: Hypocreales), was found to parasitize eight ant species, with preference for a principal host, Polyrhachis moesta. In this study, ant cadavers grew a fungal stroma that was predominated by Bacillus cereus/thuringiensis. The bacterial diversity in the principal ant host was found to be lower than the bacterial diversity in alternative hosts, a situation that might enhance the impact of B. cereus/thuringiensis on the sympatric fungus. The B. cereus/thuringiensis isolates from fungal stroma displayed higher resistance to a specific naphthoquinone (plumbagin) than sympatric bacteria from the environment. Naphthoquinones are known to be produced by O. unilateralis s. l., and hence the resistance displayed by B. cereus/thuringiensis isolates to these compounds suggests an advantage to B. cereus/thuringiensis to grow in the ant cadaver. Bacteria proliferating in the ant cadaver inevitably compete for resources with the fungus. However, the B. cereus/thuringiensis isolates displayed in vitro capabilities of hemolysis, production of hydrolytic enzymes, and antagonistic effects to co-cultured nematodes and entomopathogenic fungi. Thus, co-infection with B. cereus/thuringiensis offers potential benefits to the zombie fungus in killing the host under favorable conditions for reproduction, digesting the host tissue, and protecting the cadaver from being taken over by other consumers. With these potential benefits, the synergistic effect of B. cereus/thuringiensis on O. unilateralis infection is noteworthy given the competitive relationship of these two organisms sharing the same resource.

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“…Nevertheless, our pathogenicity assay revealed that P. strongyloides has only a low ability to infect and kill host larvae after 7 days of inoculation (only 3.3% mortality of waxworm larvae), while S. carpocapsae infected and killed 100% of waxworm larvae in 5 days. These observations suggest, in light of recent achievements (Blanco-Pérez et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2019), that P. strongyloides can be considered a scavenger nematode, using insect cadavers as food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Characterization of a population of Pelodera strongyloides (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) associated with the beetle Lucanus ibericus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from Georgia

Gorgadze

Troccoli

Fanelli

et al. 2020

Journal of Nematology

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During a field survey for entomopathogenic nematodes in Georgia, in the territory of Borjomi-Kharagauli, a nematode population was isolated from the body of single dead beetle of Lucanus ibericus Motschulsky 1845 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Based on morphological characters and molecular analyses, the nematode species is identical to Pelodera strongyloides (Schneider, 1860, 1866), being the first record of this species in Georgia. Morphometrics of the Georgian population agree with the original description, and females differ from males by very few characters. The Georgian population of P. strongyloides was molecularly characterized by sequencing the D2 to D3 expansion domains of the 28S rRNA gene and two new molecular markers as the ITS and the mitochondrial COI gene. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all P. strongyloides sequences grouped together along with all other Pelodera species.

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Differentiating between scavengers and entomopathogenic nematodes: Which is Oscheius chongmingensis?

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Evaluation of indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes in Southwest China as potential biocontrol agents against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Evaluation of indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes in Southwest China as potential biocontrol agents against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Possible impacts of the predominant Bacillus bacteria on the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis s. l. in its infected ant cadavers

Characterization of a population of Pelodera strongyloides (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) associated with the beetle Lucanus ibericus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from Georgia

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