Differentiating Acute Humoral from Acute Cellular Rejection Histopathologically

Pino-Chavez, Gilda

doi:10.1177/152216280100400116

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The histology of these grafts was similar to the pattern of AVR observed around day 4 in the untreated group, showing a picture of acute humoral xenograft rejection. In contrast to the pathology of xenograft rejection described by others for the pig to baboon model (23), no clear signs of an increased acute cellular xenograft rejection were noticed in the grafts rejected around day 21 as compared with the ones rejected at day 4 or day 7-8.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Endothelial Cell Protection by Dextran Sulfate: A Novel Strategy to Prevent Acute Vascular Rejection in Xenotransplantation

Laumonier¹,

Mohaçsi²,

Matozan³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Transplantation

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We showed recently that low molecular weight dextran sulfate (DXS) acts as an endothelial cell (EC) protectant and prevents human complement-and NK cellmediated cytotoxicity towards porcine cells in vitro. We therefore hypothesized that DXS, combined with cyclosporine A (CyA), could prevent acute vascular rejection (AVR) in the hamster-to-rat cardiac xenotransplantation model. Untreated, CyA-only, and DXS-only treated rats rejected their grafts within 4-5 days. Of the hearts grafted into rats receiving DXS in combination with CyA, 28% survived more than 30 days. Deposition of anti-hamster antibodies and complement was detected in long-term surviving grafts. Combined with the expression of hemoxygenase 1 (HO-1) on graft EC, these results indicate that accommodation had occurred. Complement activity was normal in rat sera after DXS injection, and while systemic inhibition of the coagulation cascade was observed 1 h after DXS injection, it was absent after 24 h. Moreover, using a fluorescein-labeled DXS (DXS-Fluo) injected 1 day after surgery, we observed a specific binding of DXS-Fluo to the xenograft endothelium. In conclusion, we show here that DXS + + CyA induces long-term xenograft survival and we provide evidence that DXS might act as a local EC protectant also in vivo.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Endothelial Cell Protection by Dextran Sulfate: A Novel Strategy to Prevent Acute Vascular Rejection in Xenotransplantation

Laumonier¹,

Mohaçsi²,

Matozan³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Transplantation

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“…Its pathology is primarily characterised by vascular thrombosis, blood extravasation and oedema. 16 Deposits of fibrin, immunoglobulins and complement in the graft do not differ substantially from those observed in HAR. Cellular infiltrates include neutrophils, macrophages, CD8 + T cells and few NK cells.…”

Section: Xenotransplantation: the Need For An Integrated Multidiscipmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Cellular infiltrates include neutrophils, macrophages, CD8 + T cells and few NK cells. 16 Recently, however, with the use of xenografts deriving from αGalT -/-pigs and the introduction of novel immunosuppressive strategies, the pattern of AHXR is changing towards a picture compatible with a prominent thrombotic microangiopathy. 25 As for HAR, the identification of specific targets of intervention for AHXR should allow scientists to overcome this immune barrier, ultimately further extending xenograft survival.…”

Section: Xenotransplantation: the Need For An Integrated Multidiscipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HAR is characterised by diffuse interstitial haemorrhage, oedema and thrombosis of small vessels and capillaries. 16 These changes are secondary to endothelial cell activation and damage caused by pre-existing anti-pig antibodies. Clarification of the mechanisms responsible for the onset of HAR has demonstrated the central standard procedure for intraportal islet transplantation, the use of novel approaches such as dextran sulfate, 35 or surface-coating islets with heparin 36 may prove to be beneficial in further abrogating this response.…”

Section: Xenotransplantation: the Need For An Integrated Multidiscipmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Xenotransplantation as a model of integrated, multidisciplinary research

Cozzi

Bosio

Seveso³

et al. 2009

Organogenesis

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However it has also become apparent that if xenotransplantation has to enter the clinical arena, a multidisciplinary approach will be needed to comprehensively tackle the different issues related to the use of a xenograft to cure human disease.In this regard, the safety, ethics and regulatory aspects of xenotransplantation are currently being aggressively addressed to enable the initiation of xenotransplantation with a favourable risk/benefit ratio.

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“…Rejection in non-human primates has been broadly classified into AHXR and HAR (Hyper acute rejection). HAR is response is highly quick and may result in rejection of the organ within few minutes also (Pino-Chavez, 2001). However, there have also been a number of successful cases where the primates survived for several months after xeno-transplantation.…”

Section: Production Of Transgenic Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of transgenic animals in animal production and health

Sulabh

Kumar

2018

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The progress in Recombinant DNA technology guided the way for production of transgenic plants and animals. The production of Bt cotton and Bt brinjal was one of them. Transgenic cows capable of producing human proinsulin and human lactoferrin in milk have been successfully engineered. Though the efficacy of the techniques used or such transgenic organism is questionable, with the creation of new and better technology like the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein system, the chances and effectiveness for success of gene incorporation during development of a transgenic animal has increased. In near future such transgenics are going to play an important role in support and sustenance of human society. This review deals with the application of transgenesis for enhancing productivity and promoting better health in animals and humans alike.

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Differentiating Acute Humoral from Acute Cellular Rejection Histopathologically

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Endothelial Cell Protection by Dextran Sulfate: A Novel Strategy to Prevent Acute Vascular Rejection in Xenotransplantation

Endothelial Cell Protection by Dextran Sulfate: A Novel Strategy to Prevent Acute Vascular Rejection in Xenotransplantation

Xenotransplantation as a model of integrated, multidisciplinary research

Application of transgenic animals in animal production and health

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