“…[10] Along these lines, mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in HUVECs were shown to decrease upon betaine treatment. [11] As a result of their zwitter ionic nature, they are expected to promote interactions with metal ions such as vanadium, thereby influencing its chemical reactivity. Poised to probe a) such interactions that lead to new composite materials containing both vanadium and betaines, and b) the interactive incorporation of ligands, such as betaines, in the coordination environment of vanadium, presents a potential lead toward development of a new generation of anticancer drugs.…”