Differentially and Developmentally Regulated Expression of Three Rice Sucrose Synthase Genes

Wang, Ai‐Yu; Kao, Man-Han; Yang, Wei-Horng; Sayion, Yiyang; Liu, Lifei; Lee, Ping-Du; Su, Jun-Ming

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029608

Cited by 61 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…SuSy-mediated Suc mobilization is closely associated with storage starch synthesis (Quick and Schaffer, 1996;Wobus et al, 1997;Winter and Huber, 2000). This is consistent with our observation that revealed nine differentially expressed identities (Supplemental Table S2) covering all three known isozymes of rice SuSy (Huang et al, 1996;Wang et al, 1999). The hypothesis that PPDK in developing seeds, at least in rice, favors the reaction from pyruvate to PEP explains at least in part the cytosolic PPi pool and also supports the phenotype of the loss-of-function mutant of OsPPDKB (Kang et al, 2005).…”

Section: Importance Of Ppdk In Carbon Skeleton and Energy Distributionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Dynamic Proteomic Analysis Reveals a Switch between Central Carbon Metabolism and Alcoholic Fermentation in Rice Filling Grains

et al. 2008

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Accumulation of reserve materials in filling grains involves the coordination of different metabolic and cellular processes, and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the interconnections remains a major challenge for proteomics. Rice (Oryza sativa) is an excellent model for studying grain filling because of its importance as a staple food and the available genome sequence database. Our observations showed that embryo differentiation and endosperm cellularization in developing rice seeds were completed approximately 6 d after flowering (DAF); thereafter, the immature seeds mainly underwent cell enlargement and reached the size of mature seeds at 12 DAF. Grain filling began at 6 DAF and lasted until 20 DAF. Dynamic proteomic analyses revealed 396 protein spots differentially expressed throughout eight sequential developmental stages from 6 to 20 DAF and determined 345 identities. These proteins were involved in different cellular and metabolic processes with a prominently functional skew toward metabolism (45%) and protein synthesis/destination (20%). Expression analyses of protein groups associated with different functional categories/subcategories showed that substantially upregulated proteins were involved in starch synthesis and alcoholic fermentation, whereas the down-regulated proteins in the process were involved in central carbon metabolism and most of the other functional categories/subcategories such as cell growth/division, protein synthesis, proteolysis, and signal transduction. The coordinated changes were consistent with the transition from cell growth and differentiation to starch synthesis and clearly indicated that a switch from central carbon metabolism to alcoholic fermentation may be important for starch synthesis and accumulation in the developmental process.Seed development is trigged by a double fertilization process specific to plants; after double fertilization, the fertilized egg cell develops into the embryo, and the fertilized polar nuclei develop into the endosperm (Goldberg et al., 1994). In dicotyledons, the endosperm is absorbed by the embryo during development, and reserve materials are stored in embryonic cotyledons (Goldberg et al., 1994;Le et al., 2007). However, in monocots such as cereal crops, the endosperm represents the main part of the mature seed and is an important organ for reserve storage (James et al., 2003). The cereal seed (also called the caryopsis) consists of the embryo, endosperm, and pericarp; the outermost endosperm cell layer differentiates into aleurone. Although seeds from different species are diverse in form, they have one common characteristic: accumulation of reserves during development, except for differences in reserve composition, such as approximately 85% of seed dry weight being starch in cereal seeds, 50% to 70% being fatty acids in oilseeds, and 40% being proteins in soybean (Glycine max) seeds (Ruuska et al., 2002). The reserve materials are not only essential for postembryonic growth and development by nourishing germinated embryos...

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Section: Importance Of Ppdk In Carbon Skeleton and Energy Distributionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Dynamic Proteomic Analysis Reveals a Switch between Central Carbon Metabolism and Alcoholic Fermentation in Rice Filling Grains

et al. 2008

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“…2), Sus1 displayed a stable expression ( Table 2), suggesting that the developmental regulation of Sus1 and Sus2 in the leaf sheaths differed during the heading period. Differences in the expression patterns of these two Sus isogenes in various tissues including leaves, roots, callus and seeds were previously reported (Huang et al 1996, Wang et al 1999.…”

Section: Genes Related To Starch and Sucrose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Among three Sus isozymes reported in rice, Sus3 is considered to be the isozyme displaying a function related to starch synthesis in immature seeds based on its immature seed-specific expression (Huang et al 1996, Wang et al 1999. However, this array included only the genes for Sus1 and Sus2 with unclear functions (Table 2).…”

Section: Genes Related To Starch and Sucrose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarray Analysis of Sink-Source Transition in Rice Leaf Sheaths

et al. 2005

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In rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, the leaf sheaths of the upper leaves accumulate a large amount of starch before heading, and the accumulated starch is converted to sucrose and translocated to the panicles after heading. To analyze the regulation of sink-source transition, we carried out large-scale monitoring of gene expression by microarray analysis using 8987 rice expressed sequence tags (ESTs), and identified 102 developmentally regulated genes in the leaf sheaths of the first leaves below the flag leaves during the heading period. Identified genes included multiple genes related to starch biosynthesis, cell division and expansion, and photosynthesis. All of them showed early stage-preferential expression, probably reflecting the decrease of starch biosynthesis, end of elongation and decrease of photosynthesis in the leaf sheaths during the heading period, respectively. The expression patterns of the genes for starch biosynthesis enzymes and α-tubulin suggest that the leaf sheaths displayed both accumulating-and consuming-sink functions at the very early stage of the heading period. Northern blot analysis of the genes for starch degradation and sucrose biosynthesis enzymes (α-amylase3D and sucrose phosphate synthase) revealed that the induction of the genes did not occur when the starch amount began to decrease, suggesting that the mechanisms of starch degradation and sucrose re-synthesis in the leaf sheaths during the heading period were different from those in germinating seeds. Furthermore, we identified 18 developmentally regulated genes whose functions in the leaf sheaths are unknown. They included seven genes those were preferentially expressed in the bottom part of the leaf sheaths, implying that they were involved in functions related to the starch metabolism. The results obtained showed the effectiveness of the microarray technique to analyze complex and uncharacterized phenomena.

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“…Sucrose synthase (UDP glucose: D-fructose 2-␣-glucosyltransferase) catalyzes the reversible conversion of sucrose uridine-diphosphate to fructose and UDP glucose, a key reaction in carbohydrate metabolism (Koch, 1996). In rice, the presence of at least three sucrose synthase isoforms, which are differentially regulated during development, is known (Wang et al, 1999). Glucose and sucrose (Wang et al, 1999) modulate these transcripts.…”

Section: The Time-specific Response Of Transcripts In Pokkalimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rice, the presence of at least three sucrose synthase isoforms, which are differentially regulated during development, is known (Wang et al, 1999). Glucose and sucrose (Wang et al, 1999) modulate these transcripts. For example, maize Sh1, an ortholog of rice sus2, is downregulated by increased glucose (Koch, 1996), suggesting that root carbohydrate metabolism may be altered by salt stress in Pokkali.…”

Section: The Time-specific Response Of Transcripts In Pokkalimentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Profiles during the Initial Phase of Salt Stress in Rice

et al. 2001

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Transcript regulation in response to high salinity was investigated for salt-tolerant rice (var Pokkali) with microarrays including 1728 cDNAs from libraries of salt-stressed roots. NaCl at 150 mM reduced photosynthesis to one tenth of the prestress value within minutes. Hybridizations of RNA to microarray slides probed for changes in transcripts from 15 min to 1 week after salt shock. Beginning 15 min after the shock, Pokkali showed upregulation of transcripts. Approximately 10% of the transcripts in Pokkali were significantly upregulated or downregulated within 1 hr of salt stress. The initial differences between control and stressed plants continued for hours but became less pronounced as the plants adapted over time. The interpretation of an adaptive process was supported by the similar analysis of salinity-sensitive rice (var IR29), in which the immediate response exhibited by Pokkali was delayed and later resulted in downregulation of transcription and death. The upregulated functions observed with Pokkali at different time points during stress adaptation changed over time. Increased protein synthesis and protein turnover were observed at early time points, followed by the induction of known stress-responsive transcripts within hours, and the induction of transcripts for defenserelated functions later. After 1 week, the nature of upregulated transcripts (e.g., aquaporins) indicated recovery.

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Differentially and Developmentally Regulated Expression of Three Rice Sucrose Synthase Genes

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamic Proteomic Analysis Reveals a Switch between Central Carbon Metabolism and Alcoholic Fermentation in Rice Filling Grains

Dynamic Proteomic Analysis Reveals a Switch between Central Carbon Metabolism and Alcoholic Fermentation in Rice Filling Grains

Microarray Analysis of Sink-Source Transition in Rice Leaf Sheaths

Gene Expression Profiles during the Initial Phase of Salt Stress in Rice

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