Differential White Cell Count After Two Bouts of Downhill Running

Smith, LL; Bond, Alyson J.; Holbert, Donald; Houmard, J. A.; Israel, R. G.; McCammon, Michael R.; Smith, Sheryl S.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-971941

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A primary finding of this study was the confirmation of results from a previous study, 21 that there were no significant differences in neutrophil count when comparing an initial bout with a subsequent bout of downhill running. This is contrary to previous findings after repeated bouts of high-intensity eccentrics, 17,18 where significantly lower levels of circulating neutrophils were found after the second bout.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…17,18 A noticeable difference between previous studies conducted by Pizza et al 17,18 and Smith et al, 21 as well as in the present study, is the mode of eccentrically biased exercise used to induce muscle trauma. Pizza et al 17,18 had subjects perform two bouts of forced lengthening contractions of the forearm flexors of the non-dominant arm, separated by 3, 18 or 4 weeks; 17 it is proposed that this be regarded as highintensity, low-repetitions resistance-like eccentrics.…”

Section: Neutrophil and Monocyte Countcontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…In contrast to the findings of reduced neutrophilia after bout 2 ,18,19 a previous study 21 found no significant differences in neutrophil count when a second bout of eccentrically biased exercise was performed a few weeks after the initial bout. However, a primary difference between the two studies was the exercise protocol.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…Pizza et al 18,19 used highintensity, low-volume resistance-like eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors, while the aforementioned study 21 used repeated bouts of downhill running, which incorporated lowintensity high-volume aerobic-like eccentric contractions. An alternate reason for the lack of consensus between these studies could have been that in the previous downhill running study, 21 the intensity, the steepness of the gradient and the duration of the running bouts were not sufficiently strenuous. Therefore, a primary purpose of the present study was to reexamine circulating white cell counts, specifically neutrophils and also monocytes after two bouts of downhill running, using a higher intensity and longer duration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to repeated bouts of eccentrics, CK has consistently been shown to be significantly lower after the second bout of eccentrics. 3,8,14,18,21 However, in previous downhill running studies 3,5,21 CK was only measured at 24-h intervals; whether differences in serum CK are evident at an earlier time point after downhill running has not been investigated. Thus, an additional purpose of this study was to assess total circulating CK at 3-h intervals during the initial 12 h, as well as at 24-h intervals for 6 d, following both downhill runs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Changes in neutrophil count, creatine kinases and muscle soreness after repeated bouts of downhill running

Smith

Semple

McKune

et al. 2007

S. Afr. j. sports med. (Online)

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Objective. A primary objective was to examine circulating neutrophil count after repeated bouts of downhill running. An additional aim was to determine creatine kinase (CK) levels during the initial 12 hours, after repeated DHRs.Design. Eleven healthy, untrained Caucasian males performed 2 x 60 min bouts of DHR (-13.5%), spaced 14 days apart, at a speed equal to 75% VO 2max on a level grade. Blood was collected before, after, and every hour for 12 hours, and every 24 hours for 6 days. Absolute neutrophil count, CK, and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were assessed. Results were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA (p<0.05) with appropriate post hoc tests.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Neutrophil and Monocyte Countcontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Changes in neutrophil count, creatine kinases and muscle soreness after repeated bouts of downhill running

Smith

Semple

McKune

et al. 2007

S. Afr. j. sports med. (Online)

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The effects of intensive, moderate and downhill treadmill running on human blood lymphocytes expressing the adhesion/activation molecules CD54 (ICAM-1), CD18 (β2 integrin) and CD53

et al. 2006

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This study examined the effects of intensive, moderate and downhill treadmill running on blood lymphocyte expression of adhesion/activation (AA) molecules. Trained subjects completed three treadmill-running protocols of identical duration: (1) an intensive protocol at 80% VO2max to volitional exhaustion, (2) a moderate protocol at 60% VO2max and (3) a -10% downhill (eccentric) protocol at 80% VO2max. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after, 1 and 24 h after exercise. Isolated lymphocytes were assessed for expression of the AA molecules CD54, CD18 and CD53 by flow cytometry. Lymphocyte counts increased immediately after all running protocols. Lymphocytopenia was observed 1 h after the intensive and eccentric protocols only. Plasma creatine kinase increased 24 h after the downhill protocol only. Increases in the number and percentage of CD54+, CD18bright and CD53bright lymphocytes were observed immediately after the intensive and eccentric protocols, with the numbers falling below pre-exercise values at 1 h post-exercise for all protocols. No differences were found between the intensive protocol and the eccentric protocol at the same relative intensity. Analysis of lymphocyte subsets showed that the total number of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+ lymphocytes increased after the intensive protocol before falling below pre-exercise values at 1 h post-exercise. A relatively greater mobilisation of CD56+ and CD8+ cells accounts for the changes in CD54+, CD18bright and CD53bright cell populations. Lymphocytes that enter and exit the circulation following exercise express high levels of AA molecules, which may mediate extravasation and post-exercise lymphocytopenia. This effect appears to be influenced by exercise intensity and not muscle damage.

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Cytokines and cell adhesion molecules associated with high-intensity eccentric exercise

Smith

Anwar

Fragen

et al. 2000

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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171

131

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Unaccustomed, eccentrically biased exercise induces trauma to muscle and/or connective tissue. Tissue damage activates an acute inflammatory response. Inflammation requires the effective interaction of different physiological and biological systems. Much of this is coordinated by the de novo synthesis of families of protein molecules, cytokines. The purpose of the present paper was to determine changes in blood levels of various cytokines in response to exercise-induced muscle damage that was effected using high-intensity eccentric exercise. Six healthy, untrained, college-age male subjects were required to perform the eccentric phase of a bench press and a leg curl (4 sets, 12 repetitions/set) at an intensity equivalent to 100% of their previously determined one-repetition maximum. Samples of blood were drawn at the following times: before exercise and 1.5, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h after exercise. These samples were analyzed for interleukins (IL): IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; colony stimulating factors (CSF): granulocyte-CSF, macrophage-CSF, and GM-CSF; for cell adhesion molecules (CAM): P- and E-selectin, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1). Results were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (P = 0.05). Compared to baseline values, IL-1beta was reduced (P = 0.03) at 6, 24, and 96-144 h after exercise; IL-6 was elevated (P = 0.01) at 12, 24, and 72 h after exercise; IL-10 was elevated (P = 0.009) between 72 and 144 h after exercise; M-CSF was elevated (P = 0.005) at 12 and 48-144 h after exercise; and P-selectin was reduced (P = 0.01) between 24 and 144 h after exercise. It is concluded that when high-intensity eccentric exercise is compared to strenuous endurance exercise, post-exercise changes in cytokines do occur, but they are generally of a smaller magnitude, and occur at a later time period after the termination of exercise.

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Differential White Cell Count After Two Bouts of Downhill Running

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

Changes in neutrophil count, creatine kinases and muscle soreness after repeated bouts of downhill running

Changes in neutrophil count, creatine kinases and muscle soreness after repeated bouts of downhill running

The effects of intensive, moderate and downhill treadmill running on human blood lymphocytes expressing the adhesion/activation molecules CD54 (ICAM-1), CD18 (β2 integrin) and CD53

Cytokines and cell adhesion molecules associated with high-intensity eccentric exercise

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