Differential toxicities of fine particulate matters from various sources

Park, Minhan; Joo, Hung-Soo; Lee, Kwangyul; Jang, Myoseon; Kim, Sang Don; Kim, Injeong; Borlaza, Lucille Joanna S.; Lim, Hyun; Shin, Han-Jae; Chung, Kyu Hyuck; Choi, Yoon-Hyeong; Park, Sun Gu; Bae, Min Suk; Lee, Ji Yi; Song, Hangyul; Park, Kihong

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35398-0

Cited by 271 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…PAHs are not redox active compounds, but they can be transformed to quinones, which significantly affect the OP-DTT (Li, Wyatt, and Kamens 2009;Charrier and Anastasio 2012). The OP-DTT activity of coal combustion particles at 550 C was comparable to that of particles obtained by burning rice straw and pine stem (biomasses) and lower than that of diesel-engine exhaust particles, as described in our other paper (Park et al 2018). The mass-normalized OP-ESR activity was also found to be the highest at 550 C, at which the highest emissions of Co, V, and Zn were obtained.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Physicochemical properties and oxidative potential of fine particles produced from coal combustion

Joo

Batmunkh

Borlaza

et al. 2018

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The physical and chemical properties as well as the oxidative potential (OP) of water soluble components of coal combustion fine particles were examined. A laboratory-scale pulverized-coal burning system was used to produce coal combustion particles at different burning temperatures of 550 C, 700 C, 900 C, and 1,100 C. Few studies have reported the effects of burning temperature on both the chemistry and toxicity of coal combustion particles. The highest mass emission factor of particulate matter less than 2.5 mm (PM 2.5) was found to be produced at 700 C (3.51 g/kg), owing to strong elemental carbon (EC) emission and ash formation (ions and elements) resulting from the incomplete combustion of tar and char, and mineral fragmentation. The highest organic carbon in PM 2.5 was found at 550 C. At a temperature higher than 700 C, the fraction of carbonaceous species decreased while the fractions of ions and elements increased owing to ash formation. Sulfate was found to be the dominant ionic species, followed by sodium, calcium, and magnesium. The highest emission of elements (Al,

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Physicochemical properties and oxidative potential of fine particles produced from coal combustion

Joo

Batmunkh

Borlaza

et al. 2018

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…First, site risk drivers, VOCs, will "significantly contribute" to "toxic health effects" of PM, especially for young children [138][139][140]. Because PM has no safe dose, and children's lungs are still developing, even short-term exposure-hours or days-could cause permanent lung-development impairment [141][142][143][144].…”

Section: Airborne-exposure Data Gaps Especially For Particulate-metamentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting Children from Toxic Waste: Data-Usability Evaluation Can Deter Flawed Cleanup

Shrader‐Frechette

Biondo

2020

IJERPH

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Nearly 25 percent of US children live within 2 km of toxic-waste sites, most of which are in urban areas. They face higher rates of cancer than adults, partly because the dominant contaminants at most US hazardous-waste sites include genotoxic carcinogens, like trichloroethylene, that are much more harmful to children. The purpose of this article is to help protect the public, especially children, from these threats and to improve toxics-remediation by beginning to test our hypothesis: If site-remediation assessments fail data-usability evaluation (DUE), they likely compromise later cleanups and public health, especially children’s health. To begin hypothesis-testing, we perform a focused DUE for an unremediated, Pasadena, California toxic site. Our DUE methods are (a) comparing project-specific, remediation-assessment data with the remediation-assessment conceptual site model (CSM), in order to identify data gaps, and (b) using data-gap directionality to assess possible determinate bias (whether reported toxics risks are lower/higher than true values). Our results reveal (1) major CSM data gaps, particularly regarding Pasadena-toxic-site risks to children; (2) determinate bias, namely, risk underestimation; thus (3) likely inadequate remediation. Our discussion shows that if these results are generalizable, requiring routine, independent, DUEs might deter flawed toxic-site assessment/cleanup and resulting health threats, especially to children.

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“…[98,106,107,110,112,114]). Finally, PM samples have been collected during wildfire events and their toxicity assessed in vitro [111][112][113][114]. As with in vivo studies, for comparative purposes, studies often, but not always, include PM samples collected from urban locations (e.g.…”

Section: In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Harmful Is Particulate Matter Emitted from Biomass Burning? A Thailand Perspective

et al. 2019

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Purpose of Review A large body of epidemiological evidence demonstrates that exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Many epidemiology studies have investigated the health effects of PM in Europe and North America and focussed on traffic derived PM. However, elevated levels of PM are a global problem and the impacts of other sources of PM on health should be assessed. Biomass burning can increase PM levels in urban and rural indoor and outdoor environments in developed and developing countries. We aim to identify whether the health effects of traffic and biomass burning derived PM are similar by performing a narrative literature review. We focus on Thailand as haze episodes from agricultural biomass burning can substantially increase PM levels. Recent Findings Existing epidemiology, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that biomass burning derived PM elicits toxicity via stimulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and genotoxicity. Thus, it is likely to cause similar adverse health outcomes to traffic PM, which causes toxicity via similar mechanisms. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding whether traffic or biomass burning derived PM is most hazardous. Also, there is evidence that PM released from different biomass sources varies in its toxic potency. Summary We recommend that epidemiology studies are performed in Thailand to better understand the impacts of PM emitted from specific biomass sources (e.g. agricultural burning). Further, experimental studies should assess the toxicity of PM emitted from more diverse biomass sources. This will fill knowledge gaps and inform evidence-based interventions that protect human health.

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Differential toxicities of fine particulate matters from various sources

Cited by 271 publications

References 57 publications

Physicochemical properties and oxidative potential of fine particles produced from coal combustion

Physicochemical properties and oxidative potential of fine particles produced from coal combustion

Protecting Children from Toxic Waste: Data-Usability Evaluation Can Deter Flawed Cleanup

How Harmful Is Particulate Matter Emitted from Biomass Burning? A Thailand Perspective

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