Differential T- and B-Cell Responses to Pertussis in Acellular Vaccine-Primed versus Whole-Cell Vaccine-Primed Children 2 Years after Preschool Acellular Booster Vaccination

Schure, Rose-Minke; Hendrikx, Lotte H.; Rond, Lia G. H. de; Öztürk, Kemal; Sanders, Elisabeth A. M.; Berbers, Guy A. M.; Buisman, Anne‐Marie

doi:10.1128/cvi.00270-13

Cited by 55 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It is known that antibodies to the different pertussis vaccine components wane within 2 years both after wP and aP infant vaccinations (3,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). We have found that the priming vaccination history in infancy also influences the pertussis-specific memory response, resulting in higher memory B-cell responses in aPprimed children than in wP-primed children (12).…”

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confidence: 79%

“…Already since the 1990s, acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines have been implemented in the immunization programs to replace whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines in many countries. In the past decade, several studies have shown that the immunity to pertussis will wane within several years after primary wP or aP vaccinations but also after the subsequent aP booster vaccinations at preschool age (1)(2)(3). In The Netherlands, three yearly peaks in the incidence of whooping cough have been observed since 1996 (4,5).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Identification of Pertussis-Specific Effector Memory T Cells in Preschool Children

Rond

Schure

Öztürk

et al. 2015

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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dWhooping cough remains a problem despite vaccination, and worldwide resurgence of pertussis is evident. Since cellular immunity plays a role in long-term protection against pertussis, we studied pertussis-specific T-cell responses. Around the time of the preschool acellular pertussis (aP) booster dose at 4 years of age, T-cell memory responses were compared in children who were primed during infancy with either a whole-cell pertussis (wP) or an aP vaccine. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and stimulated with pertussis vaccine antigens for 5 days. T cells were characterized by flow-based analysis of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution and CD4, CD3, CD45RA, CCR7, gamma interferon (IFN-␥), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) expression. Before the aP preschool booster vaccination, both the proliferated pertussis toxin (PT)-specific CD4؉ and CD8 ؉ T-cell fractions (CFSE dim ) were higher in aP-than in wP-primed children. Post-booster vaccination, more pertussis-specific CD4؉ effector memory cells (CD45RA ؊ CCR7 ؊ ) were induced in aP-primed children than in those primed with wP. The booster vaccination did not appear to significantly affect the T-cell memory subsets and functionality in aP-primed or wP-primed children. Although the percentages of Th1 cytokine-producing cells were alike in aP-and wP-primed children pre-booster vaccination, aP-primed children produced more Th1 cytokines due to higher numbers of proliferated pertussis-specific effector memory cells. At present, infant vaccinations with four aP vaccines in the first year of life result in pertussis-specific CD4 ؉ and CD8 ؉ effector memory T-cell responses that persist in children until 4 years of age and are higher than those in wP-primed children. The booster at 4 years of age is therefore questionable; this may be postponed to 6 years of age.

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confidence: 79%

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Pertussis-Specific Effector Memory T Cells in Preschool Children

Rond

Schure

Öztürk

et al. 2015

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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“…However, we think a more likely explanation is that we failed to detect transient increases in IFN-␥ and IL-4 transcripts prior to the first sample collection or between time points. Two recent clinical studies corroborate the notion that DTaP induces Th2 and Th1 responses in children and found no significant Th17 responses following vaccination (32,33). However, there are currently no data on Th17 memory in DTwP-vaccinated and pertussis-infected children.…”

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confidence: 95%

Comparison of Three Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccines in the Baboon Model of Pertussis

Warfel

Zimmerman

Merkel

2016

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis rates in the United States have escalated since the 1990s and reached a 50-year high of 48,000 cases in 2012. While this pertussis resurgence is not completely understood, we previously showed that the current acellular pertussis vaccines do not prevent colonization or transmission following challenge. In contrast, a whole-cell pertussis vaccine accelerated the rate of clearance compared to rates in unvaccinated animals and animals treated with the acellular vaccine. In order to understand if these results are generalizable, we used our baboon model to compare immunity from whole-cell vaccines from three different manufacturers that are approved outside the United States. We found that, compared to clearance rates with no vaccine and with an acellular pertussis vaccine, immunization with any of the three whole-cell vaccines significantly accelerated the clearance of B. pertussis following challenge. Whole-cell vaccination also significantly reduced the total nasopharyngeal B. pertussis burden, suggesting that these vaccines reduce the opportunity for pertussis transmission. Meanwhile, there was no difference in either the duration or in B. pertussis burden between unvaccinated and acellular-pertussis-vaccinated animals, while previously infected animals were not colonized following reinfection. We also determined that transcription of the gene encoding interleukin-17 (IL-17) was increased in wholecell-vaccinated and previously infected animals but not in acellular-pertussis-vaccinated animals following challenge. Together with our previous findings, these data are consistent with a role for Th17 responses in the clearance of B. pertussis infection. Whooping cough is a highly contagious, acute respiratory illness caused by the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis (1). In the prevaccine era, pertussis was rampant in the United States with annual reported cases ranging from 150,000 to 250,000 per year and with fatality rates approaching 10% (2). The introduction of combination diphtheria, tetanus, and whole-cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccines in the 1940s and a gradual increase in vaccine coverage led to a dramatic decrease in pertussis incidence with a nadir of 1,000 cases reported in 1976. Due to concerns over the reactogenicity of the whole-cell pertussis vaccine and the prospects of diminishing acceptance among parents, combination diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines were introduced in the United States in 1991 and replaced whole-cell vaccines for all pertussis vaccinations in 1997. Currently acellular vaccines are the only pertussis vaccines licensed in the United States and much of the developed world (3). However, despite 95% vaccine coverage in infants, the annual number of reported pertussis cases has been rising over the last 20 to 30 years in the United States (4, 5). The rate of pertussis resurgence increased dramatically following the introduction of acellular vac...

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“…Given the resurgence in pertussis cases despite high vaccination rates, it is important to better characterize the mechanisms of immune protection against B. pertussis. While many human and mouse studies have examined the immune response to B. pertussis infection and vaccination, the exact mechanism of immunity and correlates of protection remain unclear (1,10).…”

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Immune Responses to Pertussis Antigens in Infants and Toddlers after Immunization with Multicomponent Acellular Pertussis Vaccine

Fadugba

Wang

Chen

et al. 2014

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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Differential T- and B-Cell Responses to Pertussis in Acellular Vaccine-Primed versus Whole-Cell Vaccine-Primed Children 2 Years after Preschool Acellular Booster Vaccination

Cited by 55 publications

References 41 publications

Identification of Pertussis-Specific Effector Memory T Cells in Preschool Children

Identification of Pertussis-Specific Effector Memory T Cells in Preschool Children

Comparison of Three Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccines in the Baboon Model of Pertussis

Immune Responses to Pertussis Antigens in Infants and Toddlers after Immunization with Multicomponent Acellular Pertussis Vaccine

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