Differential susceptibility of cultured neural cells to the human coronavirus OC43

Abstract

By using cell-type-specific markers and neural cultures derived from various areas of the nervous system, it has been possible to identify various interactions between OC43 virus and mouse oligodendrocytes, neurons, astrocytes, and fibroblasts. Neurons derived from dorsal root ganglia produced viral antigen and infectious virus. Astrocytes and fibroblasts both produced viral antigen but not infectious virus. Oligodendrocytes produced neither infectious virus nor viral antigen. Human embryo brain cells, including astrocytes, were susceptible to OC43 infection but did not produce infectious virus. * Corresponding author. et al. (12) have shown that neurons from susceptible BALB/c mice produce infectious JHM virus, whereas those from resistant SJL mice do not. This demonstrates that resistance is determined at the level of the neuron. Cultures of astrocytes from SJL (resistant) mice, however, are permissive for JHM infection (4). It has also been shown (5, 11) that strains 1016

Human coronavirus OC43 infection induces chronic encephalitis leading to disabilities in BALB/C mice

“…Neurons are, until they die, the major target of HCoV-OC43 in primary hippocampal or cortical cells cultures representative of in vivo brain cells, unlike MHV (Nakagaki et al, 2005;Sun and Perlman, 1995). Almost pure astroglial and oligodendroglial cell cultures only sustained an abortive HCoV-OC43 infection, as previously reported (Pearson and Mims, 1985;Bonavia et al, 1997). Microglial cells were productively infected, albeit with a very low viral titer, as we have described for primary human adult microglia (Bonavia et al, 1997).…”

“…Microglial cells were productively infected, albeit with a very low viral titer, as we have described for primary human adult microglia (Bonavia et al, 1997). Previous studies targeting neurons have indicated susceptibility to HCoV-OC43 infection of immortalized neuronal cell lines (Arbour et al, 1999;Collins, 1995), as well as neurons in primary cultures of mouse DRG (Pearson and Mims, 1985). The current study extends these previous reports by showing that the respiratory human coronavirus HCoV-OC43 has a preferential tropism for neurons, and that it induces cytopathic effects after establishing a productive infection of these cells.…”

In Vitro Detection of Apoptosis in Monocytes/Macrophages Infected with Human Coronavirus

“…This suggests that replication depends on the level of differentiation of these cells (6). Preferential viral replication in less differentiated tissues was observed with primary neurons derived from dorsal root ganglia and astrocyte cultures (1,11). Healthy donors and MS patients gave similar responses within the parameters of our experiments.…”

Coronavirus infects and causes demyelination in primate central nervous system

“…The two viruses used in this study, MHV JHM and SD, are classified as a prototypic murine coronavirus and murine-'' like," respectively . As with other families of viruses, coronaviruses have been divided into (Deregt et al, 1987), porcine coronavirus hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV) infection of a canine (MDCK) cell line (Schultze etat, 1990), canine coronavirus (CCV) infection of a fetal cat cell line (Shockley et al ., 1987), and human coronavirus OC43 infection of primary cultures of mouse neural cells (Pearson and Mims, 1985) are some examples of in vitro cross-species infection . Although these results demonstrate that some coronaviruses can infect cell types of a species different from the natural host and while there are examples of natural cross-species infection in other virus families, very little is known about coronavirus species specificity as it relates to natural hosts .…”