Differential survival of 3rd stage larvae of Contracaecum rudolphii type B infecting common bream (Abramis brama) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Abstract

The main fish host reaction to an infection with third stage anisakid nematode larvae is a response in which host immune cells (macrophages, granulocytes, lymphocytes) in affected internal organs initially are attracted to the parasite whereafter fibroblasts may enclose the parasite forming granuloma. Generally, the reaction is non-lethal to the parasite which may survive for years in the fish host retaining infectivity to the final host. This may also apply for the anisakid nematode Contracaecum rudolphii (having the adult stage in cormorants, using copepods as first intermediate/paratenic host and zooplankton feeding fish as paratenic hosts). The present study has shown that most Contracaecum rudolphii larvae survive in bream (Abramis brama) (from Lake Balaton, Hungary) whereas the majority of the nematode larvae die in Cyprinus carpio (from Lake Hévíz, directly connected to Lake Balaton). Both cyprinid host species interacted with the nematode larvae through establishing a marked cellular encapsulation around them but with different effects. The differential survival in common carp and bream may theoretically be explained by ecological factors, such as the environmental temperature which either directly or indirectly affect the development of nematode larvae, and/or intrinsic host factors, such as differential immune responses and host genetics.

Molecular characterization of zoonotic anisakid Contracaecum spp. larvae in some fish species from Lake Nasser, Egypt

“…Different cross sections of 3rd larval stages of Contracaecum spp. were detected, surrounded by fibrous capsules and inflammatory reactions, which was consistent with the findings of Molnár et al (2019), who discovered that 3rd stage larvae of C. rudolphii infecting the intestinal wall of Abramis brama and Cyprinus carpio encapsulate with fibroblasts and are surrounded by host immune cells forming granuloma. Thus, the pathogenicity of Contracaecum third larval stage is dependent on the infected fish species, the size and number of parasitic nematodes, and the site of infection, which is consistent with the findings of Molnar et al (2006).…”

New insights into the coexistence ofContracaecum rudolphiiA andContracaecum rudolphiiB (Nematoda: Anisakidae) inPhalacrocorax carbosinensis from Sardinia: genetic variability and phylogenetic analysis

“…In fact, the outnumbering of C. rudolphii A compared to C. rudolphii B (157 specimens vs 22), as well as the identification of all fourth stage larvae such as C. rudolphii A suggest that C. rudolphii A was acquired by the host in the studied brackish water ponds; on the other hand, the absence of larval stages of C. rudolphii B suggests that this species has infected the host in environments other than those of the studied lagoons. Considering the migratory habits of P. carbo sinensis , which in Sardinia is mainly present as wintering, it is likely that C. rudolphii B could have infected the host in the breeding grounds of central Europe, where the third-stage larvae of this species have been identified in fish (Szostakowska and Fagerholm, 2007; Mattiucci et al ., 2008; Molnár et al ., 2019).…”

“…where the third-stage larvae of this species have been identified in fish (Szostakowska and Fagerholm, 2007;Mattiucci et al, 2008;Molnár et al, 2019). Among all C. rudolphii examined, multiple alignment of ITS sequences combined to chromatogram analysis distinguished one heterozygote C. rudolphii A/B.…”

Morphology and Molecular Studies of Contracaecum Larvae (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Some Fish species from Sulaimani Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

“…(1). Furthermore, there are few publications on the specific identification of Contracaecum larva in fishes from the world (Szostakowska & Fagerholm, 2007;Shamsi & Aghazadeh-Meshgi, 2011;Shamsi et al, 2017;Molnár et al, 2019;Pekmezci & Yardimci, 2019). The present investigation identifies the third larval stage of Contracaecum by using molecular genetic approach.…”