Differential Stripping: Determination of the Amount of Topically Applied Substances Penetrated into the Hair Follicles

Teichmann, A.; Jacobi, U.; Ossadnik, Michael; Richter, Heike; Koch, Stefan; Sterry, Wolfram; Lademann, Jürgen

doi:10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23779.x

Cited by 158 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…26,27 It has been shown that nanoparticles preferentially permeate into the follicles, but not the SC, enabling high accumulation within the follicular reservoir. 17,28 Correspondingly, the comparison of Figures 3c, d -5c, d indicated that larger SLN particles (SLN2 and SLN3) could not penetrate into deep layers of skin even after 6 and 24 h. Only the SLN in the mid-size range (SLN2) could penetrate the upper skin layers (Figure 4b). SLN1 could penetrate into lower skin layers after 24 h (Figure 3d) as depicted by arrows.…”

Section: 25mentioning

confidence: 84%

The Effect of Particle Size on the Deposition of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Different Skin Layers: A Histological Study

Adib¹,

Ghanbarzadeh²,

Kouhsoltani³

et al. 2016

Adv Pharm Bull

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Section: 25mentioning

confidence: 84%

The Effect of Particle Size on the Deposition of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Different Skin Layers: A Histological Study

Adib¹,

Ghanbarzadeh²,

Kouhsoltani³

et al. 2016

Adv Pharm Bull

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“…Follicular uptake of NS, NC, and LNC (in dispersion and in Carbopol HG) on porcine ear skin was assessed quantitatively based on the Differential Stripping method [28]. Depending on the formulation, either 20 µl of the nanoparticle dispersion, or 50 mg of the nanoparticle HG were applied to a predetermined area, followed by a three minute massage or not (depending on experimental setup), and incubated for one hour before starting the stripping process.…”

Section: Follicular Uptake Study Based On the Differential Stripping mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocarriers for optimizing the balance between interfollicular permeation and follicular uptake of topically applied clobetasol to minimize adverse effects

Mathes

Melero

Conrad

et al. 2016

Journal of Controlled Release

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The treatment of various hair disorders has become a central focus of good dermatologic patient care as it affects men and women all over the world. For many inflammatory-based scalp diseases, glucocorticoids are an essential part of treatment, even though they are known to cause systemic as well as local adverse effects when applied topically. Therefore, efficient targeting and avoidance of these side effects are of utmost importance. Optimizing the balance between drug release, interfollicular permeation, and follicular uptake may allow minimizing these adverse events and simultaneously improve drug delivery, given that one succeeds in targeting a sustained release formulation to the hair follicle. To test this hypothesis, three types of polymeric nanocarriers (nanospheres, nanocapsules, lipid-core nanocapsules) for the potent glucocorticoid Clobetasol propionate (CP) were prepared. They all exhibited a sustained release of drug, as was desired. The particles were formulated as a dispersion and hydrogel and (partially) labeled with Rhodamin B for quantification purposes. Follicular uptake was investigated using the Differential Stripping method and was found highest for nanocapsules in dispersion after application of massage. Moreover, the active ingredient (CP) as well as the nanocarrier (Rhodamin B labeled polymer) recovered in the hair follicle were measured simultaneously, revealing an equivalent uptake of both. In contrast, only negligible amounts of CP could be detected in the hair follicle when applied as free drug in solution or hydrogel, regardless of any massage. Skin permeation experiments using heat-separated human epidermis mounted in Franz Diffusion cells revealed equivalent reduced transdermal permeability for all nanocarriers in comparison to application of the free drug. Combining these results, nanocapsules formulated as an aqueous dispersion and applied by massage appeared to be a good candidate to maximize follicular targeting and minimize drug penetration into the interfollicular epidermis. We conclude that such nanotechnology-based formulations provide a viable strategy for more efficient -2-drug delivery to the hair follicle. Moreover, they present a way to minimize adverse effects of potent glucocorticoids by releasing the drug in a controlled manner and simultaneously decreasing interfollicular permeation, offering an advantage over conventional formulations for inflammatorybased skin/scalp diseases. Graphical Abstract AbbreviationsAA: Alopecia areata ANOVA: Analysis of variance CCT: capric/caprylic triglyceride CP: Clobetasol propionate

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“…Therefore, stripping techniques, tape stripping and cyanoacrylate skin surface biopsy have been used to remove the part of the stratum corneum containing dye topically applied [76]. Thus, the "differential stripping" has been shown as a new method that can be used to study the penetration of topically applied substances into the follicular infundibula non-invasively and selectively [20,26,30,76,77]. …”

Section: Routes Of Drug Penetration Through the Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocarrier Systems for Transdermal Drug Delivery

Escobar-Chávez¹,

Rodríguez-Cruz²,

Domínguez-Delgado³

et al. 2012

Recent Advances in Novel Drug Carrier Systems

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is an open discussion, in one hand, the nanotechnologist continue making new and more sophisticated nanocarriers and in the other hand, toxicologist continue evaluating possible damaging effects.Whatever it happens, nanotechnology is the new era and nanomedicine cannot be taking off. New nanocarriers will be created and the entire scientist working in nanomedicine bet for it to be the cure of diseases that in this moment are difficult to deal with [3] The application of preparations to the skin for medical purposes is as old as the history of medicine itself, with references to the use of ointments and salves found in the records of Babylonian and Egyptian medicine. The historical development of permeation research is well described by Hadgraft & Lane [4]. Over time, the skin has become an important route for drug delivery in which topical, regional or systemic effects are desired. Nevertheless, skin constitutes an excellent barrier and presents difficulties for the transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents, since few drugs possess the characteristics required to permeate across the stratum corneum in sufficient quantities to reach a therapeutic concentration in the blood. In order to enhance drug transdermal absorption different methodologies have been investigated developed and patented [5,6]. Improvement in physical permeationenhancement technologies has led to renewed interest in transdermal drug delivery. Some of these novel advanced transdermal permeation enhancement technologies include: iontophoresis, electroporation, ultrasound, microneedles to open up the skin and more recently the use of transdermal nanocarriers [3,[7][8][9][10].A number of excellent reviews that have been published contain detailed discussions concerning many aspects of transdermal nanocarriers [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The present chapter shows an updated overview of the use of submicron particles and other nanostructures in the pharmaceutical field, specifically in the area of topical and transdermal drugs. This focus is justified due to the magnitude of the experimental data available with the use of these nanocarriers. The development of submicron particles and other nanostructures in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields has been emerged in the last decades for designing best formulations for application through the skin [18][19][20][21]. The skinThe skin is the largest organ of the body [22][23][24], accounting for more than 10% of body mass, and the one that enables the body to interact more intimately with its environment. Essentially, the skin consists of four layers: The SC, that is the outer layer of the skin (nonviable epidermis), and forms the rate-controlling barrier for diffusion for almost all compounds. It is composed of dead flattened, keratin-rich cells, the corneocytes. These dense cells are surrounded by a complex mixture of intercellular lipids, namely, ceramides, free fatty acids, cholesterol, and cholesterol sulphate. Their most important feature is that they are structured as ordered bilayer arrays [25]...

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Differential Stripping: Determination of the Amount of Topically Applied Substances Penetrated into the Hair Follicles

Cited by 158 publications

References 35 publications

The Effect of Particle Size on the Deposition of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Different Skin Layers: A Histological Study

The Effect of Particle Size on the Deposition of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Different Skin Layers: A Histological Study

Nanocarriers for optimizing the balance between interfollicular permeation and follicular uptake of topically applied clobetasol to minimize adverse effects

Nanocarrier Systems for Transdermal Drug Delivery

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