Differential Settling Tendencies of Clay Minerals in Saline Waters

Whitehouse, U. Grant; Jeffrey, Lela M.; Debbrecht, James D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-009235-5.50006-1

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Sedimentation results from the soda ash experiments suggest that illite and kaolin exhibit similar sedimentation behavior. Whitehouse et al (1960) performed sedimentation tests with sea water on kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite and reported that the settling velocity of kaolinite was approximately constant for salt concentrations ranging from 900 to 32,500 mg/L, which agrees with results obtained in this study. However, the settling velocity of montmorillonite particles increased by a factor of 37 for a comparable increase in salt concentration.…”

Section: Sedimentation Behavior Of Soda Ash Mine Tailingssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, the settling velocity of montmorillonite particles increased by a factor of 37 for a comparable increase in salt concentration. Whitehouse et al (1960) also report that the sedimentation behavior of illite was similar to kaolin and that with an increase in salt concentration from 900 mg/L to 32,500 mg/L the settling velocity only increased by a factor of 0.2. Findings from this study are in agreement with those reported in Whitehouse et al (1960) and support the observation that illite sedimentation behavior is comparable to kaolin.…”

Section: Sedimentation Behavior Of Soda Ash Mine Tailingsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Salinity effects on sedimentation behavior of kaolin, bentonite, and soda ash mine tailings

Gorakhki

Bareither

2015

Applied Clay Science

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Section: Sedimentation Behavior Of Soda Ash Mine Tailingssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Sedimentation Behavior Of Soda Ash Mine Tailingsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Salinity effects on sedimentation behavior of kaolin, bentonite, and soda ash mine tailings

Gorakhki

Bareither

2015

Applied Clay Science

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“…Stumm & Morgan, 1981). Pioneering experiments demonstrated that coagulation occurs at low salinities (Whitehouse et al, 1960;Krone, 1962), a fact that was used to explain the trapping of sediment in estuaries (e.g. Postma, 1967;Kranck, 1973Kranck, , 1981Edzwald et al, 1974).…”

Section: Sediment Loss From Discharge Plumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment Delivery to the Seabed on Continental Margins

Hill

Fox

Crockett

et al. 2007

Continental Margin Sedimentation

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On river-influenced continental margins, terrigenous muds tend to accumulate in the middle of the continental shelf. The common occurrence of mid-shelf mud belts has been attributed to three basic across-margin transport mechanisms. Muds either diffuse to the mid-shelf under the influence of storms, or they are advected there by oceanographic currents, or they arrive at the mid-shelf in dense suspensions that flow across the margin under the influence of gravity. Until recently, observations generally favoured the hypothesis that ocean currents are responsible for advecting dilute suspensions of mud to the mid-shelf. Transport by dense gravity flows was widely rejected, based primarily on the arguments that the bathymetric gradients of continental shelves are too small to sustain gravity flows, and that sediment concentrations cannot grow large enough to cause suspensions to flow down gradient. Observations conducted on the Eel River continental shelf off northern California, however, demonstrate that cross-margin transport by dense suspensions can be an important mechanism for the emplacement of muds on the mid-shelf. Dense suspensions form near the seabed when sediment in the wave boundary layer cannot deposit because of stress exerted on the bottom by waves, and when sediment does not diffuse out of the wave boundary layer because of relatively weak current-induced turbulence. In the future, the importance of these flows on other margins needs to be assessed.

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“…This observation has been made through works of many authors compiled in the text book of Chamley, where it was demonstrated that the first minerals which deposited are chlorite and illite, followed by kaolinite then smectite [16][17][18][19]. The fact that smectite mineral deposited lately is mainly due to its small size and low density inferred by the presence of interlayered water molecules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay Fraction Distribution in the Sediments of the Senegal River Estuary after the Diama (Senegal) Dam Construction

Ndiaye¹,

Diouf²,

Diara³

et al. 2016

JSOE

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Abstract:Clay fraction contents distribution in the Senegal River estuary after the building of the anti-salt Diama dam has shown that upstream sediments are very muddy. Clay fraction content is as high as 60 % of sediments in the middle of the channel with a pronounced downstream decreasing trend on the banks comparing to the contents in the middle of the channel. Towards the river mouth, the fine fraction tends to disappear leading to a shelly sand sediment type essentially. During low water period, clay fraction contents increase particularly at the vicinity of the dam reservoir. In the estuarine reach, downstream the dam, this increasing trend during the low water stage is particularly marked in the middle of the channel. The clay mineral assemblage shows that kaolinite and smectite are the main components, whereas interlayered illite-smectite and illite are minor constituents. The upstream-downstream profile shows a decrease in kaolinite content although it remains the dominant constituent. Floating clay minerals (smectite and illite-smectite) concentrate rather in the middle of the channel and on the right bank where the water depth is higher. According to seasonal variations, the distribution of these clay minerals often follows the concentration of the entire clay fraction; their contents increase during low water stage period. This hydrodynamics sorting of floating minerals, evident in the up-dam zone, tends to disappear in the eastern reach between Diama dam and the mouth. Clay minerals assemblage shows, through the time, a rather homogeneous composition which does not seem to be altered by the seasonal fluctuations.

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Differential Settling Tendencies of Clay Minerals in Saline Waters

Cited by 44 publications

References 48 publications

Salinity effects on sedimentation behavior of kaolin, bentonite, and soda ash mine tailings

Salinity effects on sedimentation behavior of kaolin, bentonite, and soda ash mine tailings

Sediment Delivery to the Seabed on Continental Margins

Clay Fraction Distribution in the Sediments of the Senegal River Estuary after the Diama (Senegal) Dam Construction

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