Differential sensitivity to hypoxic inhibition of respiratory processes in the anesthetized rat.

Maruyama, Ryoko; Yoshïda, Akio; Fukuda, Yasuichiro

doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.39.857

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Ventilatory augmentation by hypoxia via carotid chemoreceptor stimulation is modulated by hypoxic brain depression [19]. If the latter predominates over the former, hypoxic ventilatory depression appears, especially in deeper hypoxia [20]. In the present study, the occurrence of hypoxic ventilatory depression became less significant during hypothermia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

Ventilation- and Carotid Chemoreceptor Discharge-Response to Hypoxia during Induced Hypothermia in Halothane Anesthetized Rat.

Maruyama

Fukuda

2000

JJP

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Augmentation of ventilation in response to hypoxic arterial chemoreceptor stimulation is one of the important protective strategies against acute O 2 deficiency. However, O 2 "deficiency" is determined by a relative balance between O 2 supply and requirement. It seems, therefore, likely that ventilatory response to hypoxia should vary when O 2 requirement (or consumption) of the whole body is altered such as by artificial reduction in body temperature. There is evidence that ventilatory response to hypoxia depends upon body temperature [1,2]. The carotid chemoreceptor response to hypoxia or chemical stimuli in absolute terms is also suppressed by direct local cooling [3][4][5].Frappell et al. [6], however, found that the VE normalized by VO 2 (VE/VO 2 ) does not decline during hypothermia and that a similar level of hypoxic hyperventilation in the hypothermic and normothermic conditions was seen in anesthetized rats. They suggested an important hypothesis that in relation to metabolic rate, respiratory "gain" to hypoxic stimulus is not depressed in hypothermic animals. There has been, however, no direct evidence to support this hypothesis. Respiratory gain to acute hypoxic stimulus is deter-

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

Ventilation- and Carotid Chemoreceptor Discharge-Response to Hypoxia during Induced Hypothermia in Halothane Anesthetized Rat.

Maruyama

Fukuda

2000

JJP

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“…In most experiments, HVD modifies V T with minimal effects on f R , distinguishing it from STD, which is characterized by increased f R with no observed change in V T (see earlier).However, HVD decreases f R in some preparations (230), which illustrates variability in HVD with sex, age, arousal state, anesthesia state, and hypoxic stimuli (394). …”

Section: Physiological and Molecular Responses To Brief Hypoxic Exposmentioning

confidence: 86%

Time Domains of the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response and Their Molecular Basis

Pamenter

Powell

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

101

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Ventilatory responses to hypoxia vary widely depending on the pattern and length of hypoxic exposure. Acute, prolonged, or intermittent hypoxic episodes can increase or decrease breathing for seconds to years, both during the hypoxic stimulus, and also after its removal. These myriad effects are the result of a complicated web of molecular interactions that underlie plasticity in the respiratory control reflex circuits and ultimately control the physiology of breathing in hypoxia. Since the time domains of the physiological hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) were identified, considerable research effort has gone toward elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate these varied responses. This research has begun to describe complicated and plastic interactions in the relay circuits between the peripheral chemoreceptors and the ventilatory control circuits within the central nervous system. Intriguingly, many of these molecular pathways seem to share key components between the different time domains, suggesting that varied physiological HVRs are the result of specific modifications to overlapping pathways. This review highlights what has been discovered regarding the cell and molecular level control of the time domains of the HVR, and highlights key areas where further research is required. Understanding the molecular control of ventilation in hypoxia has important implications for basic physiology and is emerging as an important component of several clinical fields.

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“…The respiratory hypoxic response is biphasic and eventually leads to a change in respiratory pattern [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Overview Of Gasping Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal network properties underlying the generation of gasping

Peña

2009

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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1. The pre-Bötzinger complex (PreBötC) generates different inspiratory rhythms. Under control normoxic conditions, a mixture of intrinsic and synaptic properties underlies the generation of eupnoea by the PreBötC. Under hypoxia, those network properties change and modify the respiratory rhythm pattern. Hypoxia can be caused by a reduction in oxygen availability in the environment, inadequate oxygen transport, an inability of tissues to use oxygen or several pathological conditions. 2. During severe hypoxia, the network properties within the PreBötC are reconfigured whereby the network no longer generates eupnoea, but instead generates a new rhythm, named gasping. Such reconfiguration includes changes in synaptic and intrinsic properties triggered by hypoxia itself, as well as the influence of different neuromodulators released during hypoxia. Gasping has been considered an important arousal mechanism that triggers autoresuscitation. Dysregulation of gasping has been proposed to result in failure to autoresuscitate and has been hypothesised to contribute to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. 3. Precisely which synaptic and/or neuronal intrinsic membrane properties are critical to central respiratory rhythmogenesis, in either normoxia or hypoxia, is still the subject of considerable debate. In the present article I review how hypoxia alters the respiratory network and discuss my hypotheses regarding the cellular and network mechanisms involved in gasping rhythm generation. Finally, I review changes in the hypoxic response during postnatal development and the contribution of several neuromodulators to such a response.

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Differential sensitivity to hypoxic inhibition of respiratory processes in the anesthetized rat.

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Ventilation- and Carotid Chemoreceptor Discharge-Response to Hypoxia during Induced Hypothermia in Halothane Anesthetized Rat.

Ventilation- and Carotid Chemoreceptor Discharge-Response to Hypoxia during Induced Hypothermia in Halothane Anesthetized Rat.

Time Domains of the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response and Their Molecular Basis

Neuronal network properties underlying the generation of gasping

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