Differential sensitivity of marine algae Dunaliella salina and Chlorella sp. to P25 TiO2 NPs

Plain polystyrene microplastics reduce the toxic effects of ZnO particles on marine microalgae Dunaliella salina

“…The algal cells were allowed to grow until the exponential stage which was then subjected to centrifugation at 7000 rpm (10 min, 4°C). The supernatant was removed and the obtained pellet was resuspended in artificial seawater (ASW) and adjusted to 0.5 OD [27]. Throughout, the toxicity experiments were carried out in ASW (Supplementary Table S3) under UV-A and dark environment for 72 h incubation.…”

Environmentally relevant concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles pose negligible risk to marine microbes

“…Here, no significant differences were identified despite evidence being available upon the negative effect of nTiO 2 exposure towards eukaryotic phytoplankton in the literature, albeit largely recorded at greater concentrations (1-13 mg L −1 ). 6,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Previous research has revealed that at such concentrations, varying eukaryotic taxa display differential sensitivity to nTiO 2 exposure. 21,27 For example, present that following exposure to nTiO 2 , and nTiO 2 -containing sunscreens the marine microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana displays highest sensitivity to all treatments compared to the diatom, Chaetoceros gracilis, the dinoflagellate, Amphidinium carterae, and coccolithophore, Pleuroochrysis roscoffensis.…”

“…19,20 Hence, understanding the potential effects of contaminants upon marine microbes is key to evaluating their likely ecosystem-wide impact. Previous research has revealed a toxic effect of nTiO 2 exposure upon marine microbial species, 6,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] although studies where little or no adverse effect is recorded also exist. 31,32 The primary effect of exposure appears to be growth inhibition, however EC 50 values are typically recorded in the mg L −1 range, far greater than those measured in the environment (up to 40 μg L −1 ).…”

“…6 It should be noted, though, that much of the work investigating metal oxide NMs are carried out using exposure concentrations in the mg L −1 range (i.e. 1-30 mg L −1 ), 6,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] far exceeding those predicted and measured in the environment (0.021-40 μg L −1 ). 6,8,15,17 Increased research is required to examine the end-products of consumer goods which may enter the aquatic environment.…”

Potential Effects of Persistent Organic Contaminants on Marine Biota: A Review on Recent Research

“…In general, many published reports have investigated and reported the effects of MPs and NPs on several microalgae and microcrustacean species belonging to these two low trophic levels that are both at the bottom of the food chain of marine environments, as prey and predator, correspondingly. In addition, the combined toxicity of microplastics and various nanomaterials on those marine species has been assessed, such as gold nanoparticles [31] and nano-TiO 2 particles [18,32,[40][41][42][43]. Furthermore, the toxicity of amine-modified iron oxide-doped polystyrene microplastics and carboxyl-modified polystyrene microplastics has been evaluated [28].…”