Differential Sampling Measurement of a 7 V RMS Sine Wave With a Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard

Rüfenacht, Alain; Burroughs, Charles J.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Benz, Samuel P.

doi:10.1109/tim.2013.2237993

Cited by 65 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…On the other hand, the AC-QVM was further developed and has become a commercially available product (Supracon AG). So far, however, it was only used to calibrate conventional standards with limited uncertainty (Rufenacht et al 2009, Kim et al 2010, Williams et al 2011, Lee et al 2013, Rüfenacht et al 2013.…”

Section: Jaws Versus Pjvs (Ac)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic functionality of the AC quantum voltmeter was already described in our last overview paper (Behr et al 2012). Since then, several NMIs developed improved AC-QVM (Lee et al 2013, Rüfenacht et al 2013, Amagai et al 2018, Kim et al 2020. Depending on the PJVS array and its bias sourcecalled PJVS control unit in figure 12-and on the speed of the sampler, an AC-QVM covers voltages up to 10 V and frequencies up to a few kHz (see figure 15(c)).…”

Section: The Ac Quantum Voltmetermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Josephson voltage standards as toolkit for precision metrological applications at PTB

Behr

Bauer

Herick

et al. 2022

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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60 years after the discovery of the Josephson effect, electrical DC voltage calibrations are routinely performed worldwide - mostly using automated Josephson voltage standards (JVS). Nevertheless, the field of electrical quantum voltage metrology is still propagating towards AC applications. In the past 10 years the fabrication of highly integrated arrays containing more than 50 000 or even 300 000 junctions has achieved a very robust level providing highly functional devices. Such reliable Josephson arrays are the basis for many novel applications mainly focussing on precision ac measurements for signal frequencies up to 500 kHz. Two versions of quantum AC standards are being employed. Programmable Josephson voltage standards (PJVS), based on series arrays divided into subarrays, reach amplitudes up to 20 V and usually are used as quantum voltage reference in measurement systems. Pulse driven arrays reach amplitudes up to 1 V or even 4 V and are typically used as Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizers (JAWS). This paper summarizes the principal contributions from PTB to the present state of Josephson voltage standards with particular focus on developments for precision metrological applications and our proof-of-concept demonstrations.

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Section: Jaws Versus Pjvs (Ac)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ac Quantum Voltmetermentioning

confidence: 99%

Josephson voltage standards as toolkit for precision metrological applications at PTB

Behr

Bauer

Herick

et al. 2022

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…The AC quantum voltmeter (AC-QVM), based on the programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS), is developed and implemented in recent years as a verified and established system for the measurement of RMS values for frequencies in the kilohertz range and with amplitudes up to 10 V [1] - [4]. The PJVS generates a stepwise sinusoidal waveform of the same frequency and (approximately) amplitude as the AC voltage under investigation, and the residual voltage differences are measured by the fast digitizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AC Quantum Voltmeter used for Impedance Comparison

Ilić¹,

Behr²,

Lee³

2022

Proceedings of the 25th IMEKO TC4 International Symposium and 23rd International Workshop on ADC and DAC Modelling and Testing

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This paper describes the experimental application of the AC quantum voltmeter, developed at PTB, for impedance ratio measurements at voltages up to 5 V and frequencies up to 1 kHz, as continuation of previous work. In such an application the AC quantum voltmeter is not directly measuring the output voltage of an AC source (as in ordinary use), but measures the voltage drop on the impedance, raising the requirements for synchronisation, grounding, and load influence of the used AC voltage source. Therefore, three types of AC sources were tested, a calibrator Fluke 5720A, a new version of an Aivon DualDAC3, and PTB's PDWQ mk2 1 . As impedances, two temperature stabilized Vishay resistors of nominal values of 10 k: : are used. They are measured in a potentiometric way, i.e., the AC quantum voltmeter measures the RMS voltages on each resistor in a time sequence. The measurement results for different setups are described and presented.

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“…When employed for calibrating sinusoidal voltages, such systems are usually named ac quantum voltmeters: a fast digitizer samples the difference between an ac voltage signal provided by the instrument under test and a synchronized stepwise-approximated version of the same sine wave generated by the PJVS. The digitizer works as a null detector, thus improving the overall accuracy, and its output is used as a correction term, so that the rms of the waveform under calibration can be accurately calculated from the measured difference samples and the perfectly known reference waveform steps of PJVS [12, 13]. Ac quantum voltmeters allow high-stability ac voltage sources to be calibrated with relative accuracies up to the 10 −7 level [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modular and customizable open-source package for quantum voltage standards operation and control

Durandetto

Sosso

2018

PLoS ONE

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This paper presents an open-source package developed in Python that controls and drives a programmable Josephson array to synthesize dc and ac quantum-accurate voltages. Programmable arrays are devices subdivided into independent subsections, each counting a number of series connected Josephson junctions that follows a binary sequence (1, 2, 4, 8, …) to control the output voltage. Our software allows to independently measure the current-voltage characteristics of each subsection by means of a set of arbitrary waveform generators and a nanovoltmeter that measures the voltage across the whole array with high sensitivity. A quantization test tool is also provided to check with sub-microvolt resolution whether the array is operating on its quantum margins. The code is modular and easily expandable with the support of many libraries, allowing prompt reconfiguration for different calibration and testing purposes. It is aimed at being a starting point for cooperation between National Metrology Institutes towards the realization of a shared quantum voltage calibration infrastructure.

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Differential Sampling Measurement of a 7 V RMS Sine Wave With a Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard

Cited by 65 publications

References 30 publications

Josephson voltage standards as toolkit for precision metrological applications at PTB

Josephson voltage standards as toolkit for precision metrological applications at PTB

AC Quantum Voltmeter used for Impedance Comparison

A modular and customizable open-source package for quantum voltage standards operation and control

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