Differential retention of predator recognition by juvenile rainbow trout

Malka, Patrick H.; Chivers, Douglas P.; Ferrari, M. Celeste Fernández; Brown, Grant E.; Jackson, Christopher

doi:10.1163/000579510x535677

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Causal mechanisms for this phenomenon included failure to detect predators, lapses in decision making, and increased prey conspicuousness of substandard prey. These deficiencies are thought to be a consequence of limited experience of hatchery-reared fish with avoiding predators (Suboski and Templeton 1989, Brown and Smith 1998, Ferrari et al 2010. Furthermore, rainbow trout generally have higher energy densities relative to most other prey species (Hanson et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental approach to determine esocid prey preference in replicated pond systems

Lepak

Fetherman

Pate

et al. 2012

Lake and Reservoir Management

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Lepak JM, Fetherman ER, Pate WM, Craft CD, Gardunio EI. 2012. An experimental approach to determine esocid prey preference in replicated pond systems. Lake Reserv Manage. 28: 224-231.Competitive interactions between salmonids and white suckers (Catostomus commersonii) often result in poor salmonid growth, condition, and ultimately angler catch-per-unit-effort. Fisheries managers frequently introduce hybrid northern pike (Esox lucius) and muskellunge (E. masquinongy), known as tiger muskellunge, as biological control agents to reduce the abundance of undesirable species including white suckers, while simultaneously attempting to create viable recreational fisheries with stocked salmonids. In this study, northern pike were used to evaluate esocid prey preference between naïve, hatchery-reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and wild white suckers. Enclosures containing northern pike were stocked with rainbow trout and white suckers at 2 densities (50:50 and 20:80, respectively) to represent different ratios of forage. Weekly sampling by beach seine was used to determine rainbow trout and white sucker mortality. When the experiment was complete, enclosures were drained to determine overall survival of the forage species. Rainbow trout numbers declined precipitously to zero, while 60-75% of white suckers remained across all treatments. This study demonstrated a clear difference in survival of rainbow trout and white suckers (rainbow trout having lower survival) in the presence of northern pike under these conditions. We suggest fisheries managers consider these findings when stocking or managing for piscivores to control undesirable fish species, or to create recreational fisheries, while simultaneously stocking naïve sport fish vulnerable to predation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental approach to determine esocid prey preference in replicated pond systems

Lepak

Fetherman

Pate

et al. 2012

Lake and Reservoir Management

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“…Innate responses to predator cues are typically less consistent than innate responses to alarm cues (Brown & Smith, 1998; TA B L E 2 Summary of the results from the general linear mixed model for activity Brown, et al, 2010;Scheurer et al, 2007). For example, an innate response to odour cues of a predatory fish has been observed in some studies of fishes (Hawkins et al, 2004;Jackson & Brown, 2011), but not in others (Brown & Smith, 1998;Ferrari, Brown, et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in previous studies on salmonids, alarm cue was derived from the skin of juvenile Atlantic salmon. Following Ferrari, Brown, et al, (2010), salmon were euthanized using an overdose of MS-222;…”

Section: Preparation Of Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate and learned predator recognition across populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

2021

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Innate and learned anti-predator responses can be important determinants of survival in natural environments. Our study measured innate and learned anti-predator responses in three populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Across populations, we found that the presence of a chemical alarm cue derived from the skin of conspecifics was associated with a significant decline in behavioural activity, indicating an innate anti-predator response to the chemical alarm cue. The presence of a kingfisher model was not associated with a change in behavioural activity, indicating that this visual predator cue does not elicit an innate anti-predator response. Following training in which the alarm cue and predator cue were paired, the presence of a kingfisher model was not associated with a change in behavioural activity, indicating the absence of a learned anti-predator response across the three populations. Understanding population variability in anti-predator behaviour may be important when selecting populations for reintroduction efforts of Atlantic salmon.

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“…However, as conducted, our experiment shows that 10 d after conditioning there was no longer evidence that sucker retained the association between predator feces and danger. Length of retention has been shown to vary with the strength of threat conveyed during conditioning (Ferrari et al 2010b). As discussed above, there may have been a low perceived risk conveyed by the stimuli used to condition the sucker.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of learned predator recognition in an endangered sucker Chasmistes liorus liorus

Archer¹,

Crowl²

2014

Aquat. Biol.

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Captive propagation and restocking of native fishes is a common conservation strategy. However, hatchery-reared fishes are predator-naïve, and thus many stocked fishes are lost to predation, reducing the effectiveness of restocking programs. Many fishes use odor to identify known predators and, through the detection of chemical alarm cues, learn to recognize novel predators. A large body of research has focused on the efficacy of using predator odors in conjunction with chemical alarm cues to train hatchery-reared fishes to recognize predators prior to stocking. While it appears possible to train most fishes to recognize a novel predator through exposure to olfactory cues, few studies have shown that this training translates into increased survival for trained fishes. Recently, it has been proposed that hatchery fishes do not retain the learned associations long enough for hatchery training to result in increased survival, though few studies have quantified how long hatchery-reared fishes do retain learned associations. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments that demonstrate hatchery-raised June sucker Chasmistes liorus liorus, an endangered sucker endemic to Utah Lake, Utah, USA, can learn to recognize a novel predator (largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides). We also show that this learned association is retained for at least 2 d, but is lost by 10 d after initial exposure. Our results suggest that in the absence of reinforcement, June sucker do not retain learned predator recognition long enough to expect hatchery training to translate into increased survival.

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Differential retention of predator recognition by juvenile rainbow trout

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

An experimental approach to determine esocid prey preference in replicated pond systems

An experimental approach to determine esocid prey preference in replicated pond systems

Innate and learned predator recognition across populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

Retention of learned predator recognition in an endangered sucker Chasmistes liorus liorus

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