Differential responses of soil bacteria, fungi, archaea and protists to plant species richness and plant functional group identity

Dassen, Sigrid; Cortois, Roeland; Martens, Henk; Hollander, Mattias de; Kowalchuk, George A.; Putten, Wim H. van der; Deyn, Gerlinde B. De

doi:10.1111/mec.14175

Cited by 194 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Available phosphate appeared to be more important for nematode community composition than other soil characteristics, which corresponds with previously observed effects of fertilizers on nematode community composition (Hu & Qi, 2010;Zhao et al, 2014). Secondly, while we determined several important soil characteristics, the inclusion of other soil variables, such as soil clay content (Dassen et al, 2017), might have increased the explanatory power of our analyses. Therefore, we cannot conclude that soil abiotics are generally unimportant for nematode community structuring.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Latitudinal variation in soil nematode communities under climate warming‐related range‐expanding and native plants

Wilschut

Geisen

Martens

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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Current climate change has led to latitudinal and altitudinal range expansions of numerous species. During such range expansions, plant species are expected to experience changes in interactions with other organisms, especially with belowground biota that have a limited dispersal capacity. Nematodes form a key component of the belowground food web as they include bacterivores, fungivores, omnivores and root herbivores. However, their community composition under climate change‐driven intracontinental range‐expanding plants has been studied almost exclusively under controlled conditions, whereas little is known about actual patterns in the field. Here, we use novel molecular sequencing techniques combined with morphological quantification in order to examine nematode communities in the rhizospheres of four range‐expanding and four congeneric native species along a 2,000 km latitudinal transect from South‐Eastern to North‐Western Europe. We tested the hypotheses that latitudinal shifts in nematode community composition are stronger in range‐expanding plant species than in congeneric natives and that in their new range, range‐expanding plant species accumulate fewest root‐feeding nematodes. Our results show latitudinal variation in nematode community composition of both range expanders and native plant species, while operational taxonomic unit richness remained the same across ranges. Therefore, range‐expanding plant species face different nematode communities at higher latitudes, but this is also the case for widespread native plant species. Only one of the four range‐expanding plant species showed a stronger shift in nematode community composition than its congeneric native and accumulated fewer root‐feeding nematodes in its new range. We conclude that variation in nematode community composition with increasing latitude occurs for both range‐expanding and native plant species and that some range‐expanding plant species may become released from root‐feeding nematodes in the new range.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Latitudinal variation in soil nematode communities under climate warming‐related range‐expanding and native plants

Wilschut

Geisen

Martens

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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“…Species-rich natural systems such as grasslands may contain a larger diversity of pathogenic soil-fungi due to the large number of diverse plant species and genotypes for a given plant species (Bach et al 2018;Dassen et al 2017;Termorshuizen 2014;Yang et al 2017). Plant roots in natural grasslands have indeed been shown to be colonized by a wide variety of fungi (Vandenkoornhuyse 2002), but there have been only few attempts to isolate root-associated fungi and test them for pathogenicity (e.g.…”

Section: Soil-borne Pathogenic Fungi In Species-rich Grasslandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, ecologists have embraced NGS techniques in order to describe overall microbial diversity and community assembly in ecosystems (Dassen et al 2017;Hannula et al 2017;Mommer et al 2018;Prober et al 2015;Wehner et al 2014). However, this descriptive step alone will not reveal mechanisms of interaction.…”

Section: Indirect Neighbour Effects Via the Root Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Linking ecology and plant pathology to unravel the importance of soil-borne fungal pathogens in species-rich grasslands

et al. 2018

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Soil-borne fungal diseases are a major problem in agriculture. A century ago, the Dutch plant pathologist Johanna Westerdijk recognized the importance of linking fungal biology with ecology to understand plant disease dynamics. To explore new ways to manage soil-borne fungal disease in agriculture by 'learning from nature', we follow in her footsteps: we link below ground plant-fungal pathogen interactions to ecological settings, i.e. natural grasslands. Ecological research hypothesised that the build-up of 'enemies' is reduced in species-rich vegetation compared to monocultures. To understand how plant diversity can suppress soilborne fungal pathogens, we first need to identify fungal actors in species-rich grasslands. Next-generation sequencing revealed a first glimpse of the potential fungal actors, but their ecological functions often remain elusive. Databases are becoming available to predict the ecological fungal guild, but classic phytopathology studies that isolate and characterize -taxonomically and functionally -, remain essential. Secondly, we need to set-up experiments that reveal ecological mechanisms underlying the complex below ground interactions between plant diversity and fungal pathogens. Several studies suggested that disease incidence of (hostspecific) pathogens is related to abundance of the host plant species. However, recent studies suggest that next to host species density, presence of heterospecific species additionally affects disease dynamics. We explore the direct and indirect ways of these neighboring plants diluting pathogen pressure. We argue that combining the expertise of plant pathologists and ecologists will improve our understanding of belowground plant-fungal pathogen interactions in natural grasslands and contribute to the design of sustainable and productive intercropping strategies in agriculture.

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“…Loss of soil biodiversity reduces ecosystem functioning as trophic networks collapse (Gosling, Hodge, Goodlass, & Bending, ; Wagg et al, ) and plants are increasingly exposed to specialized soil‐borne pathogens from which they are normally protected by the large biodiversity of other soil organisms (Eisenhauer, Reich, & Scheu, ; van der Putten et al, ). However, the role of potential feedbacks of plant diversity on soil diversity and rhizosphere community assemblage is largely unexplored (Dassen et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedbacks of plant identity and diversity on the diversity and community composition of rhizosphere microbiomes from a long‐term biodiversity experiment

et al. 2019

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Soil microbes are known to be key drivers of several essential ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling, plant productivity and the maintenance of plant species diversity. However, how plant species diversity and identity affect soil microbial diversity and community composition in the rhizosphere is largely unknown. We tested whether, over the course of 11 years, distinct soil bacterial communities developed under plant monocultures and mixtures, and if over this time frame plants with a monoculture or mixture history changed in the bacterial communities they associated with. For eight species, we grew offspring of plants that had been grown for 11 years in the same field monocultures or mixtures (plant history in monoculture vs. mixture) in pots inoculated with microbes extracted from the field monoculture and mixture soils attached to the roots of the host plants (soil legacy). After 5 months of growth in the glasshouse, we collected rhizosphere soil from each plant and used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine the community composition and diversity of the bacterial communities. Bacterial community structure in the plant rhizosphere was primarily determined by soil legacy and by plant species identity, but not by plant history. In seven of the eight plant species the number of individual operational taxonomic units with increased abundance was larger when inoculated with microbes from mixture soil. We conclude that plant species richness can affect below‐ground community composition and diversity, feeding back to the assemblage of rhizosphere bacterial communities in newly establishing plants via the legacy in soil.

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Differential responses of soil bacteria, fungi, archaea and protists to plant species richness and plant functional group identity

Cited by 194 publications

References 104 publications

Latitudinal variation in soil nematode communities under climate warming‐related range‐expanding and native plants

Latitudinal variation in soil nematode communities under climate warming‐related range‐expanding and native plants

Linking ecology and plant pathology to unravel the importance of soil-borne fungal pathogens in species-rich grasslands

Feedbacks of plant identity and diversity on the diversity and community composition of rhizosphere microbiomes from a long‐term biodiversity experiment

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