Differential response to scrambler therapy by neuropathic pain phenotypes

Abstract

Scrambler therapy is a noninvasive electroanalgesia technique designed to remodulate the pain system. Despite growing evidence of its efficacy in patients with neuropathic pain, little is known about the clinical factors associated with treatment outcome. We conducted a prospective, open-label, single-arm trial to assess the efficacy and safety of scrambler therapy in patients with chronic neuropathic pain of various etiologies. A post-hoc analysis was performed to investigate whether cluster analysis of the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) profiles could identify a subgroup of patients regarding neuropathic pain phenotype and treatment outcome. Scrambler therapy resulted in a significant decrease in the pain numerical rating scale (NRS) score over 2 weeks of treatment (least squares mean of percentage change from baseline, − 15%; 95% CI − 28% to − 2.4%; p < 0.001). The mean score of Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) interference subdimension was also significantly improved (p = 0.022), while the BPI pain composite score was not. Hierarchical clustering based on the NPSI profiles partitioned the patients into 3 clusters with distinct neuropathic pain phenotypes. Linear mixed-effects model analyses revealed differential response to scrambler therapy across clusters (p = 0.003, pain NRS; p = 0.072, BPI interference subdimension). Treatment response to scrambler therapy appears different depending on the neuropathic pain phenotypes, with more favorable outcomes in patients with preferentially paroxysmal pain rather than persistent pain. Further studies are warranted to confirm that capturing neuropathic pain phenotypes can optimize the use of scrambler therapy.

Scrambler Therapy for the Treatment of Multiple System Atrophy-Parkinsonian Subtype Pain: A Case Report

“…13,14 In comparison, ST is noninvasive, only requires the placement of gel-adhesive electrodes on the skin, and has minimal documented adverse effects in the literature. 6 ST may be particularly effective for paroxysmal pain, 15 such as the kind experienced by our patient and individuals who have centrally mediated pain. In our clinical experience, patients who have an initial favorable response to ST tend to respond to subsequent sessions as well, with the duration of pain relief generally increasing each time.…”

Efficacy of scrambler therapy in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A single-arm, prospective, pilot study

“…Recently, Abdi et al [11] reviewed data regarding the use of ST for non-cancer neuropathic pain. These included 7 prospective single-arm clinical trials, [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] one randomized controlled trial, [27] and 2 randomized sham-controlled trials. [28,29] Studies of various noncancerous neuropathic pain conditions were included, but no study examined painful DPN.…”

The Efficacy of Neuromodulation Interventions for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…48 This therapy may reduce a patient's perception of discomfort by tuning sensory areas of the CIPN patient's brain, enhancing the brain's ability to filter signals such as pain or affecting pain-related neural pathways. [57][58][59] The mechanisms of peripheral neuromodulation techniques for the treatment of CIPN mainly include improving limb microcirculation, 60,61 reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, [62][63][64] inhibiting the release of pain signals through gate-control theory, [65][66][67] and regulating the release of neurotransmitters. 68,69 There was no statistically significant improvement in various indicators between the neuromodulation intervention group and the sham group.…”