Differential response of male and female emerald ash borers (Col., Buprestidae) to (Z)‐3‐hexenol and manuka oil

Abstract

We conducted two trapping experiments in green ash plantations in Ontario, Canada to compare the response of the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, to (Z)‐3‐hexenol (Z3‐6:OH) and manuka oil. In the first experiment, Z3‐6:OH (7.6 mg/day) in purple prism traps hung 1.5 m above ground caught significantly more EAB than the unbaited controls, with male catches significantly greater than female catches at two locations. Manuka oil (50 mg/day) attracted equal numbers of males and females but they were significantly greater than the controls at only one location. Adding (Z)‐3‐hexenal or (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate in binary or ternary combinations with Z3‐6:OH did not enhance trap catch. In the second experiment, Z3‐6:OH released at two rates (7.6 or 80 mg/day) in light green prism traps placed in the ash canopy also caught significantly more males than females and more males than the unbaited controls or manuka oil‐baited traps. Manuka oil had no significant effect on catches relative to the controls. Combining Z3‐6:OH with manuka oil did not enhance catches of EAB. We conclude that there was a strong male‐biased EAB response to Z3‐6:OH lures, whereas manuka oil, when effective, attracted both sexes equally. Z3‐6:OH in light green prism traps in the canopy is an effective lure for EAB, particularly for males.

Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of the Black-Banded Oak Borer, Coroebus florentinus, to Conspecific and Host-Plant Volatiles

“…In a previous work, these two alcohols in combination with (Z)-3-hexenol were found to attract individuals of the European cockchafer Melolontha melolontha, whereas the corresponding aldehydes and acetates were behaviorally inactive (Reinecke et al, 2002). Likewise, several studies have shown that GLVs emitted by foliage of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica M.), white ash (F. americana L.) and Manchurian ash (F. mandshurica) and sesquiterpenes derived from the bark of stressed green ash trees attract EAB adults (Rodriguez-Saona et al, 2006;Crook et al, 2008;Crook and Mastro, 2010;Grant et al, 2010; …”

“…For example, the EAB is thought to use host plant volatiles for host location 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 (Rodriguez-Saona et al, 2006;Grant et al, 2010) and visual cues rather than long-range sex pheromones for mate finding (Lelito et al, 2007;Lelito et al, 2008). However, other investigations resulted in the discovery of two hydrocarbons as female contact pheromones, which are probably involved in mate recognition (Lelito et al, 2009;Silk et al, 2009).…”

Roles of (Z)-3-hexenol in plant-insect interactions

“…However, we believe that the major role of this compound is to mediate indirect contrast, the adult emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, was more attractive to the (Z)-3-hexenol containing purple prism traps than to the unbaited controls; supplement of other C6-volatiles such as (Z)-3-hexenal or (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate in binary or ternary combinations, did not show any synergistic effect. 19 In another study, the mixture of C6-volatiles ((Z)-3-hexenol and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate) and benzaldehyde in a natural ratio, but not individual compound, attracted more female fruit moth, Cydia molesta. 20 Furthermore, the preference analysis of adult flies or moths for JA-deficient and wild-type (WT) plants revealed that C6-volatiles, including (Z)-3-hexenol, stimulate the behavioral preferences of these herbivores for host plants.…”

Forest Health Management and Detection of Invasive Forest Insects

“…Host volatiles produced by ash are attractive to adult beetles and bark sesquiterpenes and green leaf volatiles have been identified [78,[89][90][91]. These volatiles often increase with host stress and girdled ash trees in particular are highly attractive to adult EAB [86,87,89,91].…”