Differential Response by Males and Females to Brood Manipulations in the Pied Flycatcher: Energy Expenditure and Nestling Diet

Moreno, Juan; Cowie, Richard J.; Sanz, Juan José; Williams, Roberts S. R.

doi:10.2307/5851

Cited by 114 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Feeding rates by parents have been considered primarily in terms of hunger of the young and energy constraints on the parents (e.g. Briskie et al 1994;Moreno et al 1995;Kilner & Davies 1998;Wright et al 1998;Kilner et al 1999;Sanz & Tinbergen 1999). The notion that nest predation may place a critical evolutionary constraint on variation in feeding rates among species has been overlooked, but these constraints appear to be strong ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nest predation increases with parental activity: separating nest site and parental activity effects

Martin

Scott

Menge

2000

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

581

494

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Alexander Skutch hypothesized that increased parental activity can increase the risk of nest predation. We tested this hypothesis using ten open-nesting bird species in Arizona, USA. Parental activity was greater during the nestling than incubation stage because parents visited the nest frequently to feed their young during the nestling stage. However, nest predation did not generally increase with parental activity between nesting stages across the ten study species. Previous investigators have found similar results. We tested whether nest site e¡ects might yield higher predation during incubation because the most obvious sites are depredated most rapidly. We conducted experiments using nest sites from the previous year to remove parental activity. Our results showed that nest sites have highly repeatable e¡ects on nest predation risk; poor nest sites incurred rapid predation and caused predation rates to be greater during the incubation than nestling stage. This pattern also was exhibited in a bird species with similar (i.e. controlled) parental activity between nesting stages. Once nest site e¡ects are taken into account, nest predation shows a strong proximate increase with parental activity during the nestling stage within and across species. Parental activity and nest sites exert antagonistic in£uences on current estimates of nest predation between nesting stages and both must be considered in order to understand current patterns of nest predation, which is an important source of natural selection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briskie et al 1994;Moreno et al 1995;Kilner & Davies 1998;Wright et al 1998;Kilner et al 1999;Sanz & Tinbergen 1999). Skutch's (1949) hypothesis places an alternative emphasis on nest predation as a constraint on di¡erences in parental provisioning rates (Martin 1996a;Martin et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nest predation increases with parental activity: separating nest site and parental activity effects

Martin

Scott

Menge

2000

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

581

494

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“…However, correlations between energy expenditure and brood size are sometimes much less pronounced than expected, or even absent (TINBERGEN & VERHULST, 2000;VER-HULST & TINBERGEN, 1997;WRIGHT et al, 1998). WILLIAMS (1987), HAILS & BRYANT (1979) and MORENO et al (1995) could only show a correlation between feeding rate and DEE in one of the sexes. In his overview, BRYANT (1988) shows that ve out of nine studies cannot detect a positive relationship between energy expenditure and nest visit rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Nocturnal Energetic Savings in Response to Hard Work in Free-Living Great Tits

Wiersma¹,

Tinbergen²

2003

Neth J Zool

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We measured energy expenditure in free-living great tits (Parus major) during the active (day) and the inactive period (night) with the aim of determining whether great tits compensate for energy costs made during periods of high activity in periods of low activity. If such compensation occurs, inferences from measurements of energy expenditure over a 24 h period, with regard to the energy costs of the different behavioural elements, may obscure relations between parental effort and energy expenditure. Also, energy budgets, based on estimates of time budgets combined with a xed cost for each behavioural category observed, may be unreliable if animals are able to compensate for energy costs made during periods of high activity in periods of low activity.Laboratory studies have revealed a reduction in resting metabolic rate (RMR) when birds are forced to work harder during the day, but it has not yet been investigated whether such nocturnal savings are also made under natural conditions.We manipulated brood size in a free-living population of great tits to create a difference in the demands of the nest, measured effort (feeding visits) and daily energy expenditure (DEE). In order to test whether compensation occurred we measured both DEE over 24 h, and resting metabolic rates (RMR) of female great tits at night. DEE and feeding rate differed between the experimental groups, being higher in females rearing enlarged broods, but we did not nd evidence of nocturnal saving.

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“…Kluijver 1950, Eguchi 1980), but they also based their conclusions on few nests and they did not apply statistical analyses to their data. More recent studies including proper statistical tests (Cowie & Hinsley 1988, Moreno et al . 1995, Verhulst & Tinbergen 1997) have failed to find significant diurnal variation in feeding © 2009 British Trust for Ornithology, Bird Study, 56, [187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197] rates.…”

Section: Diurnal Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of nestling provisioning by a single‐prey loader bird, Great TitParus major

et al. 2009

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Differential Response by Males and Females to Brood Manipulations in the Pied Flycatcher: Energy Expenditure and Nestling Diet

Cited by 114 publications

References 42 publications

Nest predation increases with parental activity: separating nest site and parental activity effects

Nest predation increases with parental activity: separating nest site and parental activity effects

No Nocturnal Energetic Savings in Response to Hard Work in Free-Living Great Tits

Patterns of nestling provisioning by a single‐prey loader bird, Great TitParus major

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