Differential research of inflammatory and related mediators in BPH, histological prostatitis and PCa

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common male malignancies in the world. It was aimed to investigate differential expression of inflammatory and related factors in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer (PCa), histological prostatitis (HP) and explore the role of Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), (VEGF) Vascular endothelial growth factor, androgen receptor (AR) and IL-2, IL-8 and TNF-α in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression level of iNOS, VEGF, AR and IL-2, IL-8 and TNF-α in BPH, PCa and BPH+HP. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the protein levels of various proteins in three diseases. The results showed the mRNA and protein levels of iNOS, VEGF and IL-2, IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly increased in PCa and BPH+HP groups compared with BPH group (p < .05), while the AR was significantly lower than those in PCa and BPH+HP groups (p < .05). There was no significant difference in the mRNA and protein levels of iNOS, VEGF, AR and IL-2, IL-8 and TNF-α between PCa and BPH+HP groups (p > .05). iNOS, VEGF, AR and IL-2, IL-8 and TNF-α are involved in the malignant transformation of prostate tissue and play an important role in the development and progression of Prostate cancer (PCa).

Artificial intelligence in multiparametric prostate cancer imaging with focus on deep-learning methods

“…Diagnostic performances therefore not only suffer from the natural patient variability on imaging, but also from the variability in observer experience, training and capabilities [1] . Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), and more specifically in machine and deep learning technology, enable computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), where computer algorithms support or perform part of the image interpretation [2,3] . This is especially useful in multiparametric imaging, in which multiple modalities or techniques are combined to make the final diagnosis [4] .…”

Retrospective Study of the Significant Predictive Role of Inflammatory Degree in Initial and Repeat Prostate Biopsy Specimens for Detecting Prostate Cancer

“…The rate of PC incidence reduces after controlling HI with anti-inflammatory agents, which further supports the close relationship between HI and PC development [4,14]. A recent study showed that mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory factors, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-2 and -8, and tumour necrosis factor α, were significantly increased in PC, as well as in the benign prostatic hyperplasia+prostatitis group compared to the benign prostatic hyperplasia group (p < 0.05) [11]. Vasavada et al [14] performed a meta-analysis including 20,585 subjects and 6,641 PC cases and demonstrated that HI on TRUS-Bx was associated with lower PC risk, which was similar to the findings of this study.…”

Diagnostic Performance of PI-RADS v2, Proposed Adjusted PI-RADS v2 and Biparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prostate Cancer Detection: A Preliminary Study

“…The specificity of PI-RADS v2/PA PI-RADS v2 was relatively low in this study, which may be due to the small sample size of benign lesions in PZ and false positive enhancement in benign lesions including prostatitis, hyperplasia, and intraepithelial neoplasia [23][24][25]. Although the inter-reader reproducibility of DCE in PZ was better in our research than in the literature [26], the rate of misdiagnosis due to DCE was still high, which implies that the two radiologists still had problems in differentiating benign and malignant lesions.…”