Differential regulation of volatile emission from Eucalyptus globulus leaves upon single and combined ozone and wounding treatments through recovery and relationships with ozone uptake

Abstract

Both ozone and wounding constitute two key abiotic stress factors, but their interactive effects on plant constitutive and stress-elicited volatile (VOC) emissions are poorly understood. Furthermore, the information on time-dependent modifications in VOC release during recovery from a combined stress is very limited. We studied the modifications in photosynthetic characteristics and constitutive and stress-induced volatile emissions in response to single and combined applications of acute ozone (4, 5, and 6 ppm) and wounding treatments through recovery (0.5-75 h) in a constitutive isoprene and mono- and sesquiterpene emitter . Overall, the photosynthetic characteristics were surprisingly resistant to all ozone and wounding treatments. Constitutive isoprene emissions were strongly upregulated by ozone and combined ozone and wounding treatments and remained high through recovery phase, but wounding applied alone reduced isoprene emission. All stress treatments enhanced emissions of lipoxygenase pathway volatiles (LOX), mono- and sesquiterpenes, saturated aldehydes (C7-C10), benzenoids, and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) pathway volatiles. Once elicited, GGDP volatile, saturated aldehyde and benzenoid emissions remained high through the recovery period. In contrast, LOX emissions, and total mono- and sesquiterpene emissions decreased through recovery period. However, secondary rises in total sesquiterpene emissions at 75 h and in total monoterpenes at 25-50 h were observed. Overall, acute ozone and wounding treatments synergistically altered gas exchange characteristics and stress volatile emissions. Through the treatments and recovery period, stomatal ozone uptake rate and volatile emission rates were poorly correlated, reflecting possible ozone-scavenging effect of volatiles and thus, reduction of effective ozone dose and elicitation of induced defense by the acute ozone concentrations applied. These results underscore the important role of interactive stresses on both constitutive and induced volatile emission responses.

A Two-Decade Anthropogenic and Biogenic Isoprene Emissions Study in a London Urban Background and a London Urban Traffic Site

“…More in depth tests would need to be conducted to demonstrate a cause and effect of the relationship. However, there is strong evidence from some recent studies [60,61] that higher ozone can trigger a biogenic emission including isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes response. If other biogenic VOCs (e.g., monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) can be measured in both urban sites (which are currently absent in Defra's AURN data series), a change in emission level and type at the same time can be observed which may support the case.…”

A New Modeling Approach for Estimating Abiotic and Biotic Stress-Induced de novo Emissions of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds From Plants

“…In order to parameterize the emission pattern of the different compounds we have collected data from 11 studies that are providing response patterns for 9 of the 12 compounds (MeSA, monoterpenes, DMNT, sesquiterpenes, GLVs, acetaldehyde, acetone, and methanol) from all of the seven pathways. From these studies, five use ozone as the inducing abiotic stress (Beauchamp et al, 2005;Behnke et al, 2009;Pazouki et al, 2016;Li et al, 2017;Acton et al, 2018), six others apply biotic stressors and one both (Kanagendran et al, 2018b). From the abiotic stress experiments, two have exposed experimental plants to real insects (Mengistu et al, 2014;Yli-Pirilä et al, 2016), while four studies use mechanical wounding (Brilli et al, 2011;Erb et al, 2015;Portillo-Estrada et al, 2015;Kanagendran et al, 2018b) and two studies applied methyl-jasmonate (Faiola et al, 2015;Jiang et al, 2017) to mimic herbivory.…”

“…Similarly, MeSA is often associated with ozone responses (e.g., Hartikainen et al, 2012;Cardoso-Gustavson et al, 2014;Li et al, 2017;Bison et al, 2018) but is similarly common in herbivore induced emission blends (Vuorinen et al, 2007;Kigathi et al, 2009). Since isoprene and terpenoids help to mitigate any kind of membrane damage, their production may be induced or upregulated in response to abiotic as well as biotic stress (Litvak et al, 1999;Prieme et al, 2000;Brilli et al, 2011;Achotegui-Castells et al, 2013;Faiola et al, 2015;Semiz et al, 2017;Kanagendran et al, 2018b;Visakorpi et al, 2018) but may also been downregulated in favor of GLVs (Brilli et al, 2009;Copolovici et al, 2017). The up-regulation of terpenoids have been found to increase the emissions by a factor of ∼10-20 in response to needle damages of feeding insects (Ghimire et al, 2017) as well as to bark beetle infestations (Amin et al, 2012(Amin et al, , 2013.…”

Changes in photosynthetic rate and stress volatile emissions through desiccation‐rehydration cycles in desiccation‐tolerant epiphytic filmy ferns (Hymenophyllaceae)

“…However, a plethora of volatiles is released from stressed plants (Loreto & Schnitzler, ; Matsui, Sugimoto, Kakumyan, Khorobrykh, & Mano, ; Niinemets et al, ), and the release of several of stress volatiles is typically quantitatively associated with the severity of stress (Beauchamp et al, ; Jiang, Ye, Li, & Niinemets, ; Loreto & Schnitzler, ; Niinemets, Kännaste, & Copolovici, ). Among these volatiles, the release of lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway volatiles, a mixture of various C6 aldehydes and alcohols and their derivatives, is a ubiquitous response to different abiotic and biotic stresses; LOX volatiles are typically elicited upon severe stress that leads to membrane‐level damage (Beckett et al, ; Copolovici et al, ; Copolovici, Kännaste, Pazouki, & Niinemets, ; Copolovici, Väärtnõu, Portillo Estrada, & Niinemets, ; Kanagendran, Pazouki, & Niinemets, ; Li, Harley, & Niinemets, ). The LOX pathway starts with the release of free polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant membranes, and production of a mixture of 9‐ and 13‐hydroperoxy linoleic and linolenic acids by LOXs (Andreou & Feussner, ; Liavonchanka & Feussner, ).…”

“…Among these volatiles, the release of lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway volatiles, a mixture of various C6 aldehydes and alcohols and their derivatives, is a ubiquitous response to different abiotic and biotic stresses; LOX volatiles are typically elicited upon severe stress that leads to membrane-level damage (Beckett et al, 2012;Copolovici et al, 2017;Copolovici, Kännaste, Pazouki, & Niinemets, 2012;Copolovici, Väärtnõu, Portillo Estrada, & Niinemets, 2014;Kanagendran, Pazouki, & Niinemets, 2018;Li, Harley, & Niinemets, 2017). The LOX pathway starts with the release of free polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant membranes, and production of a mixture of 9-and 13-hydroperoxy linoleic and linolenic acids by LOXs (Andreou & Feussner, 2009;Liavonchanka & Feussner, 2006).…”