Differential regulation of the oxidative 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in testis and liver⋆

Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Resistance Are Associated With Increased Adipose 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Expression and Elevated Hepatic 5α-Reductase Activity

“…Studies examining sex-specific regulation of expression within adipose tissue are lacking. In nonadipose tissue, estradiol has been shown to regulate expression levels, and it is possible that this may contribute to our observations; however, the published data are often contradictory with studies showing both increased and decreased expression (35)(36)(37)(38). With the exception of dehydroepiandrosterone (39), there is little evidence to support a role for regulation by androgens (35,38).…”

“…In nonadipose tissue, estradiol has been shown to regulate expression levels, and it is possible that this may contribute to our observations; however, the published data are often contradictory with studies showing both increased and decreased expression (35)(36)(37)(38). With the exception of dehydroepiandrosterone (39), there is little evidence to support a role for regulation by androgens (35,38). Sexually dimorphic expression of H6PDH has not been described previously, and the observed increase in expression in men will need to be endorsed with dedicated activity studies to see if changes in H6PDH expression translate into alterations in glucocorticoid availability.…”

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 is an important regulator at the interface of obesity and inflammation

“…Glucocorticoids are potent inflammatory mediators, they suppress the initiation and promote the resolution of inflammation. Glucocorticoid excess can contribute to chronic inflammatory disease and leads to all symptoms of the metabolic syndrome ↑ mRNA and activity ↑↑↑ (in synergy with TNF-␣/IL-1␤) [85,138] ↔ Can antagonize induction by insulin [38,75,79,80,85,107,[109][110][111][112]131,132,138,204,[209][210][211][212][213][214][215] Interferon ␥ (IFN-␥) Cytokine with important modulatory functions in the inflammatory response; potent activator of macrophages ↔ Antagonizes induction by IL-4 and IL-13 [15] Interleukin (IL) 1␣, IL-1␤ Pro-inflammatory cytokine; induces acute phase reaction and fever ↑ mRNA and activity ↑↑↑ (in synergy with dexamethasone or cortisol) [85,138] [ [12][13][14][15][77][78][79][80][81]85,109,115,138,216] IL-4 Inflammatory cytokine with major functions in allergic inflammation ↑ mRNA and activity [15] IL-6 Pro-inflammatory cytokine; induces acute phase reaction ↑ Activity [14,…”

Effects of cortisol and oestradiol on hepatic 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and glucocorticoid receptor proteins in late-gestation sheep fetus

“…Fetal infusion of glucocorticoid and oestradiol have been found to stimulate 11 -HSD1 mRNA expression and enzyme activity (Wang et al 1997, Sloboda et al 2001. In contrast, other researchers reported that infusion of dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid) and oestradiol decreased hepatic 11 -HSD1 mRNA and reductase activity in the male rat (Jamieson et al 1999, Nwe et al 2000. Thus the separate effects of cortisol and oestradiol on hepatic 11 -HSD1 and GR in the late-gestation sheep fetus remain unclear.…”