Differential Regulation of Proteins and a Possible Role for Manganese Superoxide Dismutase in Bioluminescence of <i>Panellus stipticus</i> Revealed by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization

Abstract

Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was employed to investigate bioluminescence inPanellus stipticus (Bull.) P. Karst. by detecting proteins differentially expressed in bioluminescent and luminescent strains. Comparisons of luminescent and non-luminescent monokaryon cultures of North American strains revealed differences in transcript levels of proteins responsible for post-translational modification (PTM) of enzymes. A similar comparison of a luminescent strain of P. stipticus from North America with a non-luminescent European strain revealed the presence of extracellular manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in the luminescent form, in addition to proteins involved in PTM. The application of MnSOD-specific inhibitors to luminescent mycelium resulted in the rapid loss of luminescence. The relevance to luminescence of proteins involved in PTM is discussed, together with a possible role for MnSOD that considers the potential for SODs to form stable complexes with catechols revealed in previously published research. In light of the recent discovery that hispidine may be the precursor of fungal luciferin, we consider a hypothetical mechanism for fungal luminescence in which the ο-hydroquinone moiety of a hispidine derivative ligates with the extracellular form of MnSOD producing a semiquinone-radical complex, with the resultant semiquinonato complex potentially reacting with molecular oxygen or other reactive oxygen species to produce sufficiently excited intermediates to emit light on relaxation.

Resources of Iranian agarics (Basidiomycota) with an outlook on their antioxidant potential

“…Concerning fungi, 109 fungal taxa are known to exhibit bioluminescence all of which (except one Xylariales) are white-spored saprotrophic Basidiomycota distinguished in four phylogenetic lineages ( Chew et al, 2015 ; Ke and Tsai, 2022 ) all sharing the same type of luciferin and luciferase ( Oliveira et al, 2012 ). Interestingly, it has been shown that luminescence could be linked to the antioxidant/radical scavenging defense mechanism against some environmental stress factors ( Vydryakova and Bissett, 2016 ; Oba et al, 2017 ). Moreover, the fungal bioluminescence capacity can be used in environmental biomonitoring of metals or organic compounds and to develop toxicity tests ( Ke and Tsai, 2022 ).…”