2004
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2003.09.023
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Differential regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in viral encephalitis

Abstract: Viral encephalitis is a global health concern. The ability of a virus to modulate the immune response can have a pivotal effect on the course of disease and the fate of the infected host. In this study, we sought to understand the immunological basis for the fatal encephalitis following infection with the murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)-JHM, in contrast with the more attenuated MHV-A59. Distinct glial cell cytokine and chemokine response patterns were observed within 3 days after infection, bec… Show more

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Cited by 86 publications
(141 citation statements)
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“…A variety of factors, including cytokines and chemokines, associated with encephalitogenic responses induce increased expression of MMP and TIMP mRNA and proteins [14,41,42,43]. Expression of several mRNAs encoding cytokines and chemokines known to affect MMP and TIMP expression in the CNS during infection has been clearly demonstrated [44,45,46]. Several cytokines, including TNF-α, have been shown to increase MMP-7 expression and have been repeatedly linked with EAE and multiple sclerosis (MS) inflammation [47,48].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A variety of factors, including cytokines and chemokines, associated with encephalitogenic responses induce increased expression of MMP and TIMP mRNA and proteins [14,41,42,43]. Expression of several mRNAs encoding cytokines and chemokines known to affect MMP and TIMP expression in the CNS during infection has been clearly demonstrated [44,45,46]. Several cytokines, including TNF-α, have been shown to increase MMP-7 expression and have been repeatedly linked with EAE and multiple sclerosis (MS) inflammation [47,48].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Type I IFN is strongly induced, early, in brains of MHV-JHM infected mice, and IFN production was sustained for at least 7 days (Rempel et al, 2004). Similarly, the GDVII strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) induces type I IFN in the CNS, and this IFN is produced by neurons (Delhaye et al, 2006).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Circu mvention of immune privilege throu gh these various mechanisms allows for a robu s t immune response within the CNS. The balance achieved between the infectivity of the virus and the robustness of the host immune response will determine whether the outcome will be protective, with clearance of the virus from the CNS, or harmful, resulting in either fatal encephal itis or autoimmu nity to CNS ant igens (Rempel et al, 2004). In add it ion to CNS disorders resulting from direct viral infect ion of the CNS, other CNS d isorders, such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM ), discussed in Chapter 35, are known which are immune-med iated d isorders indu ced by viral infection but are not dependent on direct viral infection of the CNS (Tenembaum et.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%