Differential Rates of Percutaneous Absorption Through the Eczematous and Normal Skin of the Monkey

Bronaugh, Robert L.; Weingarten, Daniel P.; Lowe, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12455487

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The experimental data from the literature indicate that diffusion-cell models using excised human skin are suitable for the assessment of penetration rates of chemicals. Bronaugh et al (1986b) were able to demonstrate, in a diffusion-cell study with eczematous animal skin, an increased percutaneous absorption of chemicals compared to healthy skin. These relationships have been described by several other authors using various methods (Washitake et al 1975;Nangia et al 1993;Benfeldt et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of skin barrier creams and protective gloves on percutaneous absorption of industrial solvents

Korinth

Geh

Schaller

et al. 2003

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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Our in vitro experiments could not demonstrate an efficacy of SBC to protect skin penetration for the tested solvents. The percutaneous absorption of all solvents in 50% solution was increased through skin treated with SBCs. Furthermore, SBCs enhance the penetration rates of solvents from complex mixtures compared with the single solvents. The tested gloves showed sufficient protection for the hydrophilic solvents, but not for TMB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of skin barrier creams and protective gloves on percutaneous absorption of industrial solvents

Korinth

Geh

Schaller

et al. 2003

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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“…Bronaugh et al . () assayed the in vitro water permeation through frozen and unfrozen cadaver skin stored for a year. Significant changes in water absorption were seen only with the skin of two donors out of nine after 2 months storage at −20 °C.…”

Section: Freezing or Heating Brandingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Percutaneous absorption in diseased skin: an overview

Chiang¹,

Tudela²,

Maibach³

2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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The stratum corneum's (SC) functions include protection from external hazardous environments, prevention of water loss and regulation of body temperature. While intact skin absorption studies are abundant, studies on compromised skin permeability are less common, although products are often used to treat affected skin. We reviewed literature on percutaneous absorption through abnormal skin models. Tape stripping is used to disrupt water barrier function. Studies demonstrated that physicochemical properties influence the stripping effect: water-soluble drugs are more affected. Abrasion did not affect absorption as much. Freezing is commonly used to preserve skin. It does not seem to modify water absorption, but still increases the penetration of compounds. Comparatively, heating the skin consistently increased percutaneous absorption. Removing SC lipids may increase percutaneous absorption of drugs. Many organic solvents are employed to delipidize. Delipidization with chloroform-methanol increased hydrophilic compound permeability, but not lipophilic. Acetone pre-treatment enhanced hydrophilic compound penetration. More data is needed to determine influence on highly lipophilic compound penetration. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) induces irritant dermatitis and is frequently used as a model. Studies revealed that SLS increases hydrophilic compound absorption, but not lipophilic. However, skin irritation with other chemicals increases lipophilic penetration as much as hydrophilic. Animal studies show that UV exposure increases percutaneous absorption whereas human studies do not. Human studies show increased penetration in psoriatic and atopic dermatitis skin. The data summarized here begin to characterize flux alteration associated with damaged skin. Understanding the degree of alteration requires interpretation of involved conditions and the enlarging of our database to a more complete physicochemical spectrum.

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“…The overall differences in permeabilities between lesional and nonlesional skin of these five dogs are comparable in magnitude to results from previous studies into the penetration of hydrocortisone through diseased and normal skin. An in vitro experiment, similar in design to the present study, compared the penetration of hydrocortisone through full‐thickness skin taken from involved and clinically uninvolved areas on the thighs of a monkey with atopic dermatitis 41 . After 24 h, the penetration of hydrocortisone was more than double through the involved compared with the uninvolved skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The effects of skin disease on the penetration kinetics of hydrocortisone through canine skinin vitro

Ahlstrom

Cross

Mills

2011

Veterinary Dermatology

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This study investigated the effects of allergic skin disease on the penetration kinetics of hydrocortisone through canine skin in vitro. Full-thickness lesional and nonlesional (normal) skin was removed from the dorsal lumbosacral and dorsocaudal thoracic regions, respectively, of five canine cadavers. The dogs were suspected of having flea allergy dermatitis based on their distribution and types of skin lesions. Nonlesional skin was confirmed to be histologically normal, and the histopathology of the lesional skin was consistent with allergic dermatitis. Excised skin was clipped, mounted in Franz-type diffusion cells, and the transdermal penetration of a saturated, radiolabelled hydrocortisone solution was measured over 30 h. When the penetration data for all five dogs were pooled, a restricted (or residual) maximal likelihood mixed model predicted that the permeability coefficient and pseudosteady-state flux of hydrocortisone was more than twice as great (95% confidence interval 1.55-2.71 times as great; P < 0.0001) through lesional compared with nonlesional skin. There was no significant difference in the lag time for hydrocortisone penetration through lesional compared with nonlesional skin of the dogs. This study has confirmed that the transdermal penetration of hydrocortisone may be altered, typically increased twofold, but could be as high as 10-fold, through lesional compared with nonlesional skin of dogs with suspected flea allergy dermatitis. This is likely to be affected by variables such as disease severity, concurrent infections and interindividual differences in skin characteristics.

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Differential Rates of Percutaneous Absorption Through the Eczematous and Normal Skin of the Monkey

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of skin barrier creams and protective gloves on percutaneous absorption of industrial solvents

In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of skin barrier creams and protective gloves on percutaneous absorption of industrial solvents

Percutaneous absorption in diseased skin: an overview

The effects of skin disease on the penetration kinetics of hydrocortisone through canine skinin vitro

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