Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra®) in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

Batista, Érica Ferreira; Sartori, Elen Romão; Medeiros, Roberta Antigo; Rocha‐Filho, Romeu C.; Fatibello‐Filho, Orlando

doi:10.1080/00032710903491153

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…There are two irreversible oxidation peaks related to SC, one around 1.4 V and another around 1.9 V, which are in accordance with previous studies described by Batista et al 6 The oxidation mechanisms of these two processes are not well defined in the literature. However, the same behavior for the oxidation processes was observed Vol.…”

Section: Methodology Optimizationsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…26 Detection with these diamond electrodes presents some advantages, such as low noise, a broad potential window and resistance towards insulation. 6,26,[28][29][30][31][32] The methods using diamond-based electrodes for SC determination obtained good repeatability. The limit of detection was 1.0 × 10 -13 mol L -1 by square wave voltammetry on the diamond paste-based electrode and 6.4 × 10 -7 mol L -1 by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on BDD film.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two other electroanalytical methods have utilized working electrodes based on diamond properties: one designed as a boron-doped diamond (BDD) film 6 and the other as a paste-based diamond. 26 Detection with these diamond electrodes presents some advantages, such as low noise, a broad potential window and resistance towards insulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature there are numerous methods for the identification, characterization and quantification of SC in several matrixes, among them high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) [5][6][7][8][9][10] or coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), 11,12 gas chromatography (GC-MS), 13,14 micellar electrokinetic chromatography, 15 capillary electrophoresis, 16 UV-Visible spectroscopy, 1,7,[17][18][19] nuclear magnetic resonance, 20 X-ray diffraction 21 of resonance rayleigh scattering 22 and electrochemical techniques. 6,[23][24][25][26] Most reported techniques used today for SC quality control are based on HPLC-UV due to the fact that this method provides robust and selective analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,[23][24][25][26] Most reported techniques used today for SC quality control are based on HPLC-UV due to the fact that this method provides robust and selective analysis. It also allows the analysis of the active ingredient in complex samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of sildenafil citrate (Viagra®) in various pharmaceutical formulations by flow injection analysis with multiple pulse amperometric detection

Júnior¹,

Luz²,

Damos³

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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O presente trabalho apresenta uma metodologia simples, rápida e de baixo custo para a determinação de citrato de sildenafila (SC) em formulações farmacêuticas de referência (Viagra ® ) e em produtos similares, genéricos e manipulados, por amperometria de múltiplos pulsos em sistema FIA (análise por injeção em fluxo). O método consiste na aplicação de três pulsos de potencial (sequenciais) em função do tempo sobre um eletrodo de trabalho de diamante dopado com boro. SC foi detectado em 1,6 e 1,9 V por meio de dois diferentes processos irreversíveis de oxidação. Um terceiro pulso de potencial (1,0 V) foi aplicado para regeneração da superfície do eletrodo. Foram obtidos limites de detecção na ordem de 10 nmol L -1 e desvio padrão relativo menor que 0,2% (n = 10) para SC 4,5 × 10 -5 mol L -1 , permitindo 86 injeções por hora. Estudos de adição e recuperação nas amostras ficaram próximos de 100% e os resultados foram validados por cromatografia.This work presents a simple, fast and low-cost method for determining sildenafil citrate (SC) in Viagra ® and in similar, generic and manipulated pharmaceutical formulations using flow injection analysis (FIA) with multiple pulse amperometric detection. The method consists on the application of three sequential potential pulses as a function of time. SC is detected at 1.6 and 1.9 V by two different irreversible oxidation processes. The third potential pulse (1.0 V) is applied for the regeneration (cleaning) of the surface of the boron-doped electrode. The limit of detection on an order of 10 nmol L -1 was reached with a relative standard deviation of less than 0.2% (n = 10) for 4.5 × 10 -5 mol L -1 CS. The analytical frequency was calculated in 86 injections per hour. The addition recovery studies in all the samples were approximately 100% and the results were validated by chromatographic methods.Keywords: sildenafil citrate, multiple pulse amperometry, flow injection analysis IntroductionSildenafil citrate (SC) (Viagra ® , Figure 1) is the pioneer drug in erectile dysfunction treatment introduced by Pfizer in 1998. Since then, Viagra ® has become one of the most marketed drugs worldwide, reaching 6 million prescriptions in its first 6 months on the market and generating billions of dollars in revenue. [1][2][3] As a result of such demand, Viagra ® is among the most adulterated drugs in the world. 4,5 Moreover, Pfizer Viagra ® manufacturing patent expired in June 2010, and several pharmaceutical laboratories and pharmacies began to produce and market generic, similar and manipulated versions of the drug comparable to Viagra ® , the reference listed drug. However, there is no record of an official method for drug-quality control of Viagra ® in the Brazilian Pharmacopeia, nor in international compendium of the same nature. It is thus fundamental to develop novel, fast, simple and low-cost Lopes Júnior et al. 1801 Vol. 23, No. 10, 2012 analytical methods for drug quality control in order to protect the health of consumers.In the literature there are numerous methods for the i...

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Section: Methodology Optimizationsupporting

confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Determination of sildenafil citrate (Viagra®) in various pharmaceutical formulations by flow injection analysis with multiple pulse amperometric detection

Júnior¹,

Luz²,

Damos³

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Cathodic Pretreatment of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes and their Use in Electroanalysis

Andrade

Salazar‐Banda

Rocha‐Filho

et al. 2011

Synthetic Diamond Films

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Environmental Applications of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes: 2. Soil Remediation and Sensing Applications

et al. 2019

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The chemical stability and electrocatalytic properties of boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes give rise to various applications. While wastewater treatment is the most widely studied field, the use of BDD for soil remediation and environmental sensing is currently investigated more and more. With regards to soil remediation, promising results have been reported for the treatment of soil washing solutions. Anodic oxidation using BDD at high current density allows high mineralization rates of biorefractory soil pollutants and extracting agents to be reached. At low current density, selective degradation of target pollutants has been achieved, thus allowing the reuse of extracting agents for further soil washing steps. BDD‐based electrochemical sensors have been studied for chemical oxygen demand determination, pesticide/pharmaceutical detection as well as other applications such as pH, O2 and analysis of various organic and inorganic compounds. Low detection limits, wide linear ranges and low standard deviations have been achieved. The main reasons behind the superiority of BDD sensors are the chemical stability, wide applicability and resistance of BDD towards biofouling. The beauty of BDD sensing is that it can work for a variety of organic and inorganic compounds under many physicochemical parameters.

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Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra®) in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

Cited by 47 publications

References 25 publications

Determination of sildenafil citrate (Viagra®) in various pharmaceutical formulations by flow injection analysis with multiple pulse amperometric detection

Determination of sildenafil citrate (Viagra®) in various pharmaceutical formulations by flow injection analysis with multiple pulse amperometric detection

Cathodic Pretreatment of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes and their Use in Electroanalysis

Environmental Applications of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes: 2. Soil Remediation and Sensing Applications

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