Differential Pulse Polarographic Determination of Lead Using a Rapid Coprecipitation Technique with Indium Hydroxide

Abstract

An analytical method involving lead in water was studied using differential pulse polarography (DPP) after being concentrated by the rapid coprecipitation technique with indium hydroxide. Indium hydroxide coprecipitates quantitatively 1-1500 µg of lead from up to 1000 cm3 of sample solution at a pH of about 9. The presence of indium does not affect the polarogram of lead. Since the concentration of indium is also measurable by DPP, the rapid coprecipitation technique, which does not require a complete collection of the collector precipitate, becomes possible using a known amount of indium and measuring the concentrations of both lead and indium in the final sample solution by DPP. The calibration curve is linear over the 0.04 -60 µg cm-3 range of lead. Of the 39 diverse ions tested, tin(IV) and selenium(IV) interfered with the determination. The effect of tin(IV), however, could be eliminated by the addition of phosphoric acid. The proposed method is rapid and applicable to the determination of lead in water samples.

Determination of Heavy Metals at Sub-ppm Levels in Seawater and Dialysis Solutions by FA AS after Tetrakis(pyridine)-nickel(II)bis(thiocyanate) Coprecipitation

“…Atsuya et al 35 used nickel as a carrier element combined with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) to collect and determine traces of lead and selenium from aqueous solutions by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Additionally, many metal hydroxides having lowsolubility products have been used for coprecipitation purposes of trace metals from various media: such as indium, [36][37][38] erbium, 39 cerium(IV), 40 samarium, 41 terbium, 42 and lanthanum hydroxide. 43,44 A nickel sulfide fire assay and a tellurium coprecipitation technique were performed for the determination of platinum group elements with ICP-MS. 45,46 In some recent studies, Cu(II)-chelating agent coprecipitation systems were also appeared for the determination of various heavy metals by using FAAS [47][48][49][50] and ICP-MS. 51 In the current work, an attempt was made to establish a simple, rapid and reliable method to determine the Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions by FAAS in artificial and real seawater samples, and dialysis solutions (a peripheral dialysis) after separation/preconcentration using the tetrakis(pyridine)nickel(II)bis(thiocyanate) precipitate (TP-Ni-BT) 52 coprecipitation system.…”

Use of Yttrium Phosphate as a Coprecipitant for Separation/Concentration of Lanthanoids

“…Then, the application of the rapid coprecipitation technique 19,21,[25][26][27][28][29] to the coprecipitation using yttrium phosphate was investigated to make the operation in the coprecipitation simple and rapid. In the rapid coprecipitation technique, the amount of carrier or internal standard element in the final solution after coprecipitation must be measured because the ratio of the remaining amount of the carrier or internal standard element in the solution after coprecipitation to the added amount of it in the initial sample solution is required for element determination.…”

“…To alleviate this point, a rapid coprecipitation technique has been proposed. 19,21,[25][26][27][28][29] In this technique, complete separation of the precipitate is not necessary because the amount of the desired element in the sample solution is determined based on the ratio of the remaining amount of the carrier or internal standard element in the solution after coprecipitation to the added amount of it in the sample solution. In this work, we also succeeded to apply this technique to coprecipitation using yttrium phosphate; the operation in the proposed coprecipitation method is quite simple and rapid.…”

Determination of Cadmium in River Water by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Internal Standardization-Assisted Rapid Coprecipitation with Lanthanum Phosphate

“…We have proposed a rapid coprecipitation technique [15][16][17][18] to simplify the operation in coprecipitation. In this technique, a known amount of the carrier element is used for the coprecipitation of the desired metal; the amounts of the coprecipitated metal and the carrier element in the final solution are then determined.…”