Differential proteomic analysis of replanted Rehmannia glutinosa roots by iTRAQ reveals molecular mechanisms for formation of replant disease

Abstract

BackgroundThe normal growth of Rehmannia glutinosa, a widely used medicinal plant in China, is severely disturbed by replant disease. The formation of replant disease commonly involves interactions among plants, allelochemicals and microbes; however, these relationships remain largely unclear. As a result, no effective measures are currently available to treat replant disease.ResultsIn this study, an integrated R. glutinosa transcriptome was constructed, from which an R. glutinosa protein library was obtained. iTRAQ technology was then used to investigate changes in the proteins in replanted R. glutinosa roots, and the proteins that were expressed in response to replant disease were identified. An integrated R. glutinosa transcriptome from different developmental stages of replanted and normal-growth R. glutinosa produced 65,659 transcripts, which were accurately translated into 47,818 proteins. Using this resource, a set of 189 proteins was found to be significantly differentially expressed between normal-growth and replanted R. glutinosa. Of the proteins that were significantly upregulated in replanted R. glutinosa, most were related to metabolism, immune responses, ROS generation, programmed cell death, ER stress, and lignin synthesis.ConclusionsBy integrating these key events and the results of previous studies on replant disease formation, a new picture of the damaging mechanisms that cause replant disease stress emerged. Replant disease altered the metabolic balance of R. glutinosa, activated immune defence systems, increased levels of ROS and antioxidant enzymes, and initiated the processes of cell death and senescence in replanted R. glutinosa. Additionally, lignin deposition in R. glutinosa roots that was caused by replanting significantly inhibited tuberous root formation. These key processes provide important insights into the underlying mechanisms leading to the formation of replant disease and also for the subsequent development of new control measures to improve production and quality of replanted plants.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-017-1060-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Molecular Regulation of Catalpol and Acteoside Accumulation in Radial Striation and non-Radial Striation of Rehmannia glutinosa Tuberous Root

“…Li et al initially obtained 94,544 and 99,708 unigenes from leaf and root transcript libraries, respectively [40]. They then collected 10 root samples from SP (five stages) and FP (five stages) and mixed them together to construct a root transcriptome library, collected 10 leaf samples to construct a leaf transcriptome library, and obtained 71,922 and 54,722 unigenes from the mixed root and mixed leaf libraries via the Illumina HiSeq ™ 2500 system, respectively [43]. Sun et al generated a total of 81,003 unique sequences from the cDNA library constructed from the ARs, TARs, and DTRs of R. glutinosa by using the Illumina sequencing platform [41].…”

“…Sun et al generated a total of 81,003 unique sequences from the cDNA library constructed from the ARs, TARs, and DTRs of R. glutinosa by using the Illumina sequencing platform [41]. In this study, we obtained 38,678~54,378 unigenes from the 24 cDNA libraries of radial striations and non-radial striations of R. glutinosa tuberous roots and eventually assembled a final set of 150,405 entries with an average length of 1244 bp higher than mixed roots unigenes (383 bp and 678 bp) [17,41] and mixed leaf and root unigenes (868 bp) [43]. This novel unigene database provides a high-quality reference transcriptome on gene expression detection and molecular mechanisms for R. glutinosa .…”

NB-LRRs Not Responding Consecutively to Fusarium oxysporum Proliferation Caused Replant Disease Formation of Rehmannia glutinosa

“…However, these inferences need to be further verified. Previous studies displayed that some plant hormones including ET and ABA involved in the formation mechanism of R. glutinosa replant disease and closely related to immune resistance [48,69]. Some studies have demonstrated that SA was involved in the defense against Fusarium oxysporum and associated with acteoside accumulation, one of the important pharmacodynamic component [46,47].…”

“…Some studies have described that SA was involved in the defense against Fusarium oxysporum and associated with acteoside accumulation, one of important pharmacodynamic component [46,47]. Our recent study displayed that plant hormones involved in the formation mechanism of R. glutinosa replant disease and are closely related to immune resistance [48]. However, a comprehensive survey on the relationship between plant hormones and replant disease in R. glutinosa is still unknown.…”

Traditional Chinese medicine Xiaosheng Powder for dry eye disease

“…Bupleurum saikosaponin have certain regulatory effects on specific immune function and nonspecific immune function of the body. Rehmannia glutinosa [ 15 ] can significantly enhance the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in active lymphocytes and enhance the immune function. Chinses Angelica can promote the expression of IL-2, tumor necrosis factor γ, and other cytokines.…”