Differential proteome analysis along jejunal crypt-villus axis in piglets

Abstract

The brush-border membrane (BBM) of enterocytes is responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients and ions in the small intestine. To identify the BBM proteins involved in epithelial cell maturation along the crypt-villus axis, enterocytes were sequentially isolated from the villus tip to the crypt of the jejunum from 21-day-old suckling piglets. After preparation of BBM vesicles, we detected 194 proteins in the jejunal epithelial cells by isobaric tags using relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. Of these, 56 BBM proteins were differentially expressed along the crypt-villus axis. During differentiation, the expression of proteins related to digestion and absorption of nutrients was primarily downregulated at the upper, middle villus, or crypt compared to the villus tip, while expression of proteins related to structural and enzyme regulator proteins was largely upregulated. We verified the differences in Na(+)/K(+) -transporting ATPase, galectin-3, and an intestinal-type fatty acid binding protein by western blot or immunochemical analysis. Identification of BBM-associated proteins helps enhance our understanding of digestion and absorption in piglets and other mammals, including humans.

Use of coated nano zinc oxide as an additive to improve the zinc excretion and intestinal morphology of growing pigs1

“…The intestinal morphology plays an important role in the uptake of nutrients and the occurrence of diarrhea (Lee et al, 2013). Changes in the intestinal morphology, including villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia, are associated with the malabsorption and growth inhibition of pigs (Xiong et al, 2016). Previous researchers have shown that a high dietary zinc treatment could improve the morphology of the small intestine (Li et al, 2006).…”

Advances in the Study of Probiotics for Immunomodulation and Intervention in Food Allergy

“…The small intestinal epithelium is the main part that constitutes the mucosal layer, and the intestine depends mainly on the differentiation of epithelial cells to reach the intestinal barrier [ 63 ]. Researchers have demonstrated that probiotics can improve the epithelial cytoskeletal structure to maintain bacterial cell wall permeability through information transmission [ 64 ]. It has been reported that oral administration of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) promoted the rate of weight gain in newborn mice [ 65 ].…”

Dietary Moutan Cortex Radicis Improves Serum Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Immunity and Alters Colonic Microbiota in Weaned Piglets

“…Enhanced intestinal morphology and gut barrier are closely associated with nutrients absorption and intestinal integrity (42). Intestinal morphology significantly changes, including villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia, which will result in diarrhea and growth retardation in pigs (43). An increasing VH/CD ratio is one of the most important indices of intestinal morphology in evaluating the improvement of intestinal function and enhancement of absorption capacity (44).…”