Differential Premises Arising from Differential Socialization of the Sexes: Some Conjectures

Block, Jack

doi:10.2307/1129799

Cited by 670 publications

(462 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…These findings support the idea that gender differences in adolescent risk behavior can not solely be explained by biological factors (Perry & Pauletti, 2011;Wilsnack, Vogeltanz, Wilsnack, & Harris, 2000). Although biological differences among boys and girls may make a specific behavior more likely, it is also the cultural context that determines whether adolescent girls and boys engage in this behavior (Block, 1983). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Does country context matter? Investigating the predictors of teen sexting across Europe

Baumgartner

Sumter

Peter

et al. 2014

Computers in Human Behavior

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Despite growing research interest in sexting, not much is known about individual and country differences in engaging in sexting. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate (a) which individual and country characteristics explain sexting and (b) whether individual predictors vary across countries. On the individual level, we investigated age, gender, sensation seeking, and internet use. On the country level, we investigated traditionalism, gross domestic product, and broadband internet penetration. The sample consisted of 14,946 adolescents (49.7% boys) aged 11-16 from 20 European countries. Data were collected as part of the EU Kids Online project. Participants were interviewed at home. Using multilevel modeling, findings indicate that on the individual level, age, sensation seeking, and frequency of internet use predicted sexting across all countries. Gender differences in sexting varied across countries. Although country characteristics (GDP, broadband internet penetration, traditional values) had no direct effect on adolescent sexting, traditionalism significantly predicted gender differences in sexting. In more traditional countries, gender differences were more pronounced than in less traditional countries, with more boys than girls engaging in sexting. In less traditional countries, gender differences were smaller.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Does country context matter? Investigating the predictors of teen sexting across Europe

Baumgartner

Sumter

Peter

et al. 2014

Computers in Human Behavior

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“…This reciprocal pattern was established, as the children were more involved in interactions with their mothers than with their fathers, spoke more, and used more nonverbal gestures. Based on social learning theory and shaping theory (Bandura, 1986;Block, 1983), this reciprocal communication pattern could lead to the conclusion that modeling behavior may be occurring. High VCNGs among mothers may encourage their children to express greater use of speech and gestures in their mutual interaction.…”

Section: Proposition 1: Involvement Activates Vcngsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Advanced Framework for Verbal Communication and Nonverbal Gestures in Parent–child Interactions

Grebelsky-Lichtman¹

2016

Studies in Media and Communication

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A key issue in interpersonal communication is the interrelation of verbal communication and nonverbal gestures (VCNGs). This study expands the theoretical framework for VCNGs by presenting an advanced framework for VCNGs in parent-child interactions. The study explored both parents and children and explains the effect of a wide range of social and situational contexts: child's sex, parent's sex, socioeconomic status, and task difficulty on VCNGs. Parent-child interactions (n=160) in structured joint game sequences were filmed in their homes and analyzed using a mixed multivariate design. Findings exposed unexpected VCNGs interrelations and reciprocal patterns for parents and children. Social and situational contexts effected VCNGs significantly. The study contributes composite theoretical accounts for VCNGs from receptive and expressive perspectives.

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“…Although Maccoby and Jacklin (1974) thought these differences were of little significance, other researchers believe that the differential reinforcement of children ' s toy, game, and activity preferences plays a part in the acquisition of sex -typed behavior (Block, 1983 ;Lytton & Romney, 1991 ). From the moment of birth, parents treat sons and daughters differently.…”

Section: Psychological E Xplanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Social Behavior

Pasterski¹,

Golombok²,

Hines³

2010

The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Social Development

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From an early age, boys and girls can be easily distinguished according to sex. Although this is partly due to appearance and the way in which their parents dress them and cut their hair, it is also because of the things that children do. Boys and girls like to play with different toys, prefer different games, and engage in different activities. Long before they reach school age, it is possible to tell with a reasonable degree of accuracy whether a child is a boy or a girl simply on the basis of his or her behavior. This does not mean that all boys engage in male -typical activities, or that all girls engage in female -typical activities, all of the time. There is a great deal of overlap between the sexes, with some girls seeming quite " boyish " and some boys seeming quite " girlish. " Although there is considerable variation in the behavior of children within each sex, it is generally more acceptable for girls to behave like boys than it is for boys to behave like girls. This may explain why the term tomboy used to describe masculine girls is often used endearingly, whereas sissy is a much more derogatory term when applied to feminine boys.What exactly are the differences in behavior shown by boys and girls? And how do these differences develop? These are the questions that will be addressed in this chapter. First, sex differences in social behavior will be described from the preschool to the elementary school years. This will be followed by a consideration of the various theories that have been put forward to explain this phenomenon. The sections on biological theories draw from Collaer and Hines (1995) and Hines (2004Hines ( , 2009 , whereas those on psychological theories draw from Golombok and Fivush (1994) . As will be seen, some theories have greater empirical support than others. Following Maccoby (1988) , the terms sex and gender will be used interchangeably throughout the chapter without any assumption that sex implies biological causes or that gender results from socialization.

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Differential Premises Arising from Differential Socialization of the Sexes: Some Conjectures

Cited by 670 publications

References 139 publications

Does country context matter? Investigating the predictors of teen sexting across Europe

Does country context matter? Investigating the predictors of teen sexting across Europe

An Advanced Framework for Verbal Communication and Nonverbal Gestures in Parent–child Interactions

Sex Differences in Social Behavior

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