Differential positioning of chloroplasts in C<sub>4</sub>mesophyll and bundle sheath cells

Maai, Eri; Miyake, Hiroshi; Taniguchi, Masaru

doi:10.4161/psb.6.8.15809

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The sections used for Figure 2 were all taken from mature leaves (midway between the base and tip) of the indicated plant species, reacted with the primary and secondary antisera indicated, and captured using confocal imaging. Note that in F. bidentis , the RLSB/LSU containing chloroplasts were at the centripetal position within the BS cells (adjacent to the vascular centers), as is characteristic for this C 4 dicot [ 28 ]. In maize and S. viridis , the BS chloroplasts were at the centrifugal portion (away from the vascular center), as expected for these C 4 monocots [ 28 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel RNA binding protein affects rbcL gene expression and is specific to bundle sheath chloroplasts in C4plants

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundPlants that utilize the highly efficient C4 pathway of photosynthesis typically possess kranz-type leaf anatomy that consists of two morphologically and functionally distinct photosynthetic cell types, the bundle sheath (BS) and mesophyll (M) cells. These two cell types differentially express many genes that are required for C4 capability and function. In mature C4 leaves, the plastidic rbcL gene, encoding the large subunit of the primary CO2 fixation enzyme Rubisco, is expressed specifically within BS cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated that BS-specific rbcL gene expression is regulated predominantly at post-transcriptional levels, through the control of translation and mRNA stability. The identification of regulatory factors associated with C4 patterns of rbcL gene expression has been an elusive goal for many years.ResultsRLSB, encoded by the nuclear RLSB gene, is an S1-domain RNA binding protein purified from C4 chloroplasts based on its specific binding to plastid-encoded rbcL mRNA in vitro. Co-localized with LSU to chloroplasts, RLSB is highly conserved across many plant species. Most significantly, RLSB localizes specifically to leaf bundle sheath (BS) cells in C4 plants. Comparative analysis using maize (C4) and Arabidopsis (C3) reveals its tight association with rbcL gene expression in both plants. Reduced RLSB expression (through insertion mutation or RNA silencing, respectively) led to reductions in rbcL mRNA accumulation and LSU production. Additional developmental effects, such as virescent/yellow leaves, were likely associated with decreased photosynthetic function and disruption of associated signaling networks.ConclusionsReductions in RLSB expression, due to insertion mutation or gene silencing, are strictly correlated with reductions in rbcL gene expression in both maize and Arabidopsis. In both plants, accumulation of rbcL mRNA as well as synthesis of LSU protein were affected. These findings suggest that specific accumulation and binding of the RLSB binding protein to rbcL mRNA within BS chloroplasts may be one determinant leading to the characteristic cell type-specific localization of Rubisco in C4 plants. Evolutionary modification of RLSB expression, from a C3 “default” state to BS cell-specificity, could represent one mechanism by which rbcL expression has become restricted to only one cell type in C4 plants.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel RNA binding protein affects rbcL gene expression and is specific to bundle sheath chloroplasts in C4plants

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our research group has proposed that chloroplasts move towards the vacuole facilitating malate transportation; thus maintaining the photosynthetic activity under water deficit. The chloroplast-clumping phenomenon is a typical mechanism that has been observed in plants as a response to high solar radiation 11 , salinity 10 , 39 , drought 7 , 9 , 44 , and low temperatures 8 . It has been proposed that the aggregation of chloroplasts may provide protection against photodamage and help to maintain the photosynthetic activity under stressful conditions 10 , 44 , 45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of catalase on chloroplast arrangement in Opuntia streptacantha chlorenchyma cells under salt stress

Moreno

Jiménez-Bremont

Maruri-López

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In arid and semiarid regions, low precipitation rates lead to soil salinity problems, which may limit plant establishment, growth, and survival. Herein, we investigated the NaCl stress effect on chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic-pigments, movement and chloroplasts ultrastructure in chlorenchyma cells of Opuntia streptacantha cladodes. Cladodes segments were exposed to salt stress at 0, 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl for 8, 16, and 24 h. The results showed that salt stress reduced chlorophyll content, F v/F m, ΦPSII, and qP values. Under the highest salt stress treatments, the chloroplasts were densely clumped toward the cell center and thylakoid membranes were notably affected. We analyzed the effect of exogenous catalase in salt-stressed cladode segments during 8, 16, and 24 h. The catalase application to salt-stressed cladodes counteracted the NaCl adverse effects, increasing the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, photosynthetic-pigments, and avoided chloroplast clustering. Our results indicate that salt stress triggered the chloroplast clumping and affected the photosynthesis in O. streptacantha chlorenchyma cells. The exogenous catalase reverted the H2O2 accumulation and clustering of chloroplast, which led to an improvement of the photosynthetic efficiency. These data suggest that H2O2 detoxification by catalase is important to protect the chloroplast, thus conserving the photosynthetic activity in O. streptacantha under stress.

show abstract

“…In addition, maize bundle‐sheath cells are larger than in rice and contain large chloroplasts, which are centrifugally (towards the mesophyll cells) arranged (Maai et al . ). Generally, low inter‐veinal distances and a high ratio between bundle‐sheath and mesophyll cell volume are characteristic for C 4 lineages (Griffiths et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

C₄ photosynthesis in C₃ rice: a theoretical analysis of biochemical and anatomical factors

Wang

Tholen²,

Zhu

2016

Plant Cell & Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Engineering C4 photosynthesis into rice has been considered a promising strategy to increase photosynthesis and yield. A question that remains to be answered is whether expressing a C4 metabolic cycle into a C3 leaf structure and without removing the C3 background metabolism improves photosynthetic efficiency. To explore this question, we developed a 3D reaction diffusion model of bundle‐sheath and connected mesophyll cells in a C3 rice leaf. Our results show that integrating a C4 metabolic pathway into rice leaves with a C3 metabolism and mesophyll structure may lead to an improved photosynthesis under current ambient CO2 concentration. We analysed a number of physiological factors that influence the CO2 uptake rate, which include the chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular air space, bundle‐sheath cell wall thickness, bundle‐sheath chloroplast envelope permeability, Rubisco concentration and the energy partitioning between C3 and C4 cycles. Among these, partitioning of energy between C3 and C4 photosynthesis and the partitioning of Rubisco between mesophyll and bundle‐sheath cells are decisive factors controlling photosynthetic efficiency in an engineered C3–C4 leaf. The implications of the results for the sequence of C4 evolution are also discussed.

show abstract

Differential positioning of chloroplasts in C₄mesophyll and bundle sheath cells

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

A novel RNA binding protein affects rbcL gene expression and is specific to bundle sheath chloroplasts in C4plants

A novel RNA binding protein affects rbcL gene expression and is specific to bundle sheath chloroplasts in C4plants

Effects of catalase on chloroplast arrangement in Opuntia streptacantha chlorenchyma cells under salt stress

C₄ photosynthesis in C₃ rice: a theoretical analysis of biochemical and anatomical factors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Differential positioning of chloroplasts in C4mesophyll and bundle sheath cells

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

A novel RNA binding protein affects rbcL gene expression and is specific to bundle sheath chloroplasts in C4plants

A novel RNA binding protein affects rbcL gene expression and is specific to bundle sheath chloroplasts in C4plants

Effects of catalase on chloroplast arrangement in Opuntia streptacantha chlorenchyma cells under salt stress

C4 photosynthesis in C3 rice: a theoretical analysis of biochemical and anatomical factors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Differential positioning of chloroplasts in C₄mesophyll and bundle sheath cells

C₄ photosynthesis in C₃ rice: a theoretical analysis of biochemical and anatomical factors